Coal Base Thermal Power Plant

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Radadiya Rangani Sabhaya

kishan Nikunj Chirag
Industrial chemistry Industrial chemistry Industrial chemistry

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 *POWER PLANT*

Mechanical Energy Electrical Energy

 A power station (also referred to as a generating station, power
plant, powerhouse or generating plant) is an industrial facility for the
generation of electric power. At the center of nearly all power stations
is a generator, a rotating machine that converts mechanical power into
electric power by creating relative motion between a magnetic field
and a conductor. Most power stations in the world burn fossil fuel such
as coal, oil, and natural gas to generate electricity, and some use
nuclear power, but there is an increasing use of cleaner renewable
sources such as solar, wind, wave and hydroelectric. Central power
stations produce AC power, after a brief Battle of Current in the 19th
century demonstrated the advantages of AC distribution.
PARTS
1. Coal Conveyor : Coal conveyor is a belt type arrangement that are used to
move coal efficiently.
2. Pulverizer : Pulverizer increases the coal combustion efficiency of coal.
3. Boiler : (Furnace) A boiler is a device used to create steam by applying heat
energy to water.
4. Super heater : In a power plant, after the steam is conditioned by the drying
equipment inside the steam drum, it is piped from the upper drum area into
tubes inside an area of the furnace known as the super heater.
5. Economizer : Economizer are mechanical devices intended to reduce energy
consumption, or to perform another useful function like preheating a fluid.
6. Reheator : Reheator added heat in the high-pressure steam.
7. Steam Turbine : A steam turbine is a mechanical device that extracts thermal
energy from pressurized steam, and converts it into rotary motion.
8. Generator : A device which convert mechanical energy into electrical energy is
called generator.
9. Condenser : Condenser is a device or unit used to condense a substance from its
gaseous to its liquid state, typically by cooling it.
10. Deaerator : A deaerator is a device that is widely used for the removal of air and
other dissolved gases from the feed water to steam-generating boiler.
Photo Illustration of Coal-Fired Thermal Power Plant Operations

Figure 1. Diagrammatic flow chart of power generation in coal-fired thermal power plants
 *HAZARD*
Condition with the potential to cause personal injury,
death and property damage.

•Occupational health :-
refers to the potential risks to health and safety for those
who work outside the home
•Hazard :-
something that can cause harm if not controlled.
•Occupational disease :-
Disease directly caused by a person’s occupation.
 *Types Of Occupational Hazards *

• physical
• Chemical
• Biological
• Mechanical-electrical
• Psychosocial
Chemical Hazards:-
1. Dust
2. Smoke
3. Fumes
4. Poisonous gases
5. Acids
6. Alkalis

They enter our body through :-

1. Skin
2. Inhalation
3. Mouth

Effects:-
1. Skin diseases
2. Lung diseases
3. Internal blood and other diseases
DUST:-
•ORGANIC - cotton, jute
•INORGANIC – silica, mica, coal, asbestos
•INSOLUBLE – retain in lung, penumoconiosis
•SOLUBLE – elimininated by body mechanism
These dusts enter our body through inhalation
Respirable dust particles can enter our lung sacks and
reduce our breathing capacity since this dust settles
there.
Normally dust particle less than 2.5 micron only can
enter in our lung sacks.
Bigger dust particles either remain in our nose or get
stuck in throat. Then they go into stomach and get
removed from our body system in natural way.
Disease which can occur due to inhalation of coal dust is
known as “pneumoconiosis” and is irreversible till
person is shifted from job.
Smoke:- inhalation of smoke which can contain
poisonous gaseous fumes also and can have effects on our
health;
Fumes:- fumes emanating from liquid chemicals can
cause ill effects on our health when inhaled;
Vapor:- vapors of chemicals liquids are also dangerous
to our health when inhaled. Vapours of hydrazine hydrate
can cause unconsciousness when inhaled.
Poisonous gases:- leads to suffocation and
asphyxia(Reduction oxygen). Asphyxiating gases are – CO,
Cyanide, SO2, Chlorine etc.
PREVENTION
To avoid chemical accidents some points to be kept in
mind.
1. knowledge of chemicals
2. knowledge of processing plant
3. knowledge of operator
 Hazard Identification Techniques
Safety audit :- A systematic & independent examination of all or part of
a total operating system to determine whether safety activities comply with
planned arrangements.
Safety survey:- Safety survey is a detailed & in-depth examination of a
narrow field of activity eg.Individual plants OR A specific problem.
Safety inspection:-A routine scheduled inspection of a department or
unit which may be carried out by personnel within the unit. During
inspection deviations from safety standards, employee’s unsafe work
practices and unsafe conditions are checked.
Safety tour:-Safety tour is an unscheduled examination of a work area,
carried out by any personnel from manager to safety committee members
to ensure that company’s safety standards and procedures are being
observed.
Safety sampling:-A specific application of safety inspection / tour
designed for random sampling of any activity posing serious accident
potential. During safety sampling number of defects Are observing for
immediate corrective actions.
 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN COAL BASED POWER GENERATION
Air Pollution:- High particulate matter emission levels due to
burning of inferior grade coal which leads to generation
of large quantity of fly ash. Emissions of SO2, NOx &
Green house gas (CO2) are also matter of concern.
Water Pollution:- Mainly caused by the effluent discharge
from ash ponds, condenser cooling /cooling tower, DM plant
and Boiler blow down.
Noise Pollution:- High noise levels due to release of high
pressure steam and running of fans and motors
Land Degradation:- The disposal of large quantity of ash
has occupied thousands hectares of land which includes
agricultural and forest land too.
EFFECT OF POLUTANTS
POWER PLANT POLUTION CONTROL