GROUP 3

NUMBERS AND BASIC

OPERATION IN MATH
Boy Bolan Habeahan
Martindo Gita Dwi Putra
Muhammad Nuriman Alfaraqy
Recky Dwi Prasetyo
Numbers

 An arithmetical value, expressed by a

word, symbol, or figure, representing a
particular quantity and used in counting
and making calculation.
 There are also different types of numbers,
such as :

Natural Numbers
Whole Numbers
Decimals Numbers
Fraction Numbers
Integers Numbers
Etc.,
Natural Numbers

 This group of numbers starts at 1. It

includes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and so on. Zero is not
in this group. This group has no negative
numbers. There are no numbers with
decimals in this group.
 Natural numbers could be seen as:
 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ....
Whole Numbers

 This group has all of the Natural

Numbers in it plus the number 0.
 Whole numbers could be seen as:
 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ...
Decimal Numbers

 A Decimal Numbers is a number that

contains a Decimal Point.
Fraction Numbers

 A Fraction is a part of a whole. A fraction is written

with the bottom part (the denominator) telling us how
many parts the whole is divided into,
 and the top part (the numerator) telling us how many
parts we have.
Integers

 This group has all the Whole Numbers in

it and their opposites, or, you might say,
negative numbers.
 Integers could be see as:
 ... -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ...
Rational Numbers
 A rational number is the quotient of two integers with a
nonzero denominator.
a/b b≠0
 Non-recurrent decimal numbers are not rational
numbers, but exact, repeating decimal numbers are
rational numbers.
 With rational numbers, we can operate with powers,
but the exponent must be an integer.
 The root of a rational number is not always another
rational number. This only happens when the root is
exact, the index is even and the radicand is positive.
Irrational Numbers
 A number is irrational if there are infinite, non-
recurrent decimal places, therefore, it cannot be
expressed in the form of fraction.

 The best known irrational number is pi (π), which is

defined as the relationship between the perimeter of a
circle and its diameter.

 π = 3.141592653589...
Real Numbers

 This group is made up of all the Rational and

Irrational Numbers
 All operations can be performed with real
numbers with the exception of the root of an
even index and negative radicand, and division
by zero.
Imaginary Numbers

An imaginary number is denoted by bi, where:

 b is a real number.
 i is the imaginary unit √–1 = i
With imaginary numbers, roots with an even index
and negative roots can be calculated.

Example :
 x2 + 9 = 0
 x2 = –9 x= ±√–9 x1= 3i
x2= -3i
Complex Numbers
 a Complex Numbers is a combination of a real number
and an imaginary number in the form a + bi.
 The real part is a, and
 b is called the imaginary part.
 If b = 0, the complex number is reduced to a real
number as a + 0i = a.
 If a = 0, the complex number is reduced to bi, and it is
said that it is a pure imaginary number.
BASIC OPERATIONS
 The four basic mathematical operations
are:

 Addition (+)
 Subtraction (–)
 Multiplication (x)
 Division (÷)
Addition
 Addition is Adding two or more numbers
means to find their sum (total). The
symbol used for addition is '+'.

 Example:
Find the sum of 9 and 8.
 Solution:
9 + 8 = 17
Subtraction
 Subtraction is Subtracting one number
from another number to find the
difference between them. The symbol
used for subtraction is '–'.

 Example:
Subtract 9 from 16.
 Solution:
16 – 9 = 7
Multiplication
 Multiplication means times or repeated
addition. The symbol used for
multiplication is '×'. A product is the
result of the multiplication of two or
more numbers.
 Example:
Calculate 765 × 9.
 Solution:
Division
 Division 'undoes' multiplication and
involves a number called the dividend
being 'divided' by another number called
the divisor. The symbol used for division
is '÷'.
 Example:
Calculate 48÷6
 Solution:
Powers
 Index form
The notation 32 and 23 is known as index form. The small digit is
called the index number or power.
The index number tells you how many times to multiply the
numbers together.
 When the index number is two, the number has been 'squared'.
 When the index number is three, the number has been 'cubed'.
 When the index number is greater than three you say that it is has
been multiplied 'to the power of'.
 For example:
72 is 'seven squared‘,
33 is 'three cubed‘,
37 is 'three to the power of seven‘,
45 is 'four to the power of five'.
Square root and cube root
 Square root
The opposite of squaring a number is called finding the square
root.
The symbol '√ ‘ (radical) means square root.
 Example
The square root of 16 is 4 (because 42 = 4 × 4 = 16)
The square root of 25 is 5 (because 52 = 5 × 5 = 25)
The square root of 100 is 10 (because 102 = 10 × 10 = 100)

 Cube root
The opposite of cubing a number is called finding the cube root.
 Example
The cube root of 27 is 3 (because 3 × 3 × 3 = 27)
The cube root of 1000 is 10 (because 10 × 10 × 10 = 1000)
A property of two operations

 The distributive property is the process of

passing the number value outside of the
parentheses, using multiplication, to the
numbers being added or subtracted inside the
parentheses. In order to apply the distributive
property, it must be multiplication outside the
parentheses and either addition or subtraction
inside the parentheses.
Basic Number Properties: Associative,
Commutative, and Distributive

 There are three basic properties of

numbers.

1. Distributive Property
2. Associative Property
3. Commutative Property
Distributive Property

 The Distributive Property is easy to

remember, if you recall that
"multiplication distributes over addition".
Formally, they write this property as "a(b
+ c) = ab + ac". In numbers, this means,
that 2(3 + 4) = 2×3 + 2×4.
Associative Property

 The word "associative" comes from

"associate" or "group";the Associative
Property is the rule that refers to
grouping. For addition, the rule is "a + (b
+ c) = (a + b) + c“. For multiplication, the
rule is "a(bc) = (ab)c“.
Commutative Property

 The word "commutative" comes from

"commute" or "move around", so the
Commutative Property is the one that
refers to moving stuff around. For
addition, the rule is "a + b = b + a“. For
multiplication, the rule is "ab = ba“.
Worked examples
 Simplify 3a – 5b + 7a. Justify your steps.

3a – 5b + 7a Original (given) statement

3a + 7a – 5b Commutative Property

(3a + 7a) – 5b Associative Property

a(3 + 7) – 5b Distributive Property

a(10) – 5b simplification (3 + 7 = 10)

10a – 5b Commutative Property

 EXCERCISE
1. An arithmetical value, expressed by a word, symbol, or figure,
representing a particular quantity and used in counting and
making calculation is ....
2. This group has all of the Natural Numbers in it plus the number
0 is .....
3. a combination of a real number and an imaginary number in the
form a + bi is.....
4. Adding two or more numbers means to find their sum (total) is
....
5. Subtracting one number from another number to find the
difference between them is .....

Subtraction Real Numbers Subtraction Whole Number

Numbers addition Complex number Multiplication

 EXERCISE
1. 4(9+5) = 4x9 + 4x5
2. πi
3. ... -2,-1,0,1,2, ...
4. 8+(6+86) = (8+6)+86
5. 3/7

Rational Imaginary Distributive

Integers
Numbers Numbers Property

Decimal Fraction Associative Irrational

Numbers Numbers Property Numbers
THANK YOU FOR YOUR
ATTENTION