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‡The best creator

‡Have perfect brain
‡In need of shelter, food & clothing
‡Must make afford in order to survive
‡Need mobility facilities
‡Overall planning
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Neolithic Revolution; 8,000 years before the
existence of settlement known as city
‡Living in groups and society
‡Crops cultivation & livestock rearing
‡Started selling and buying after excess products
‡Rengkhususan pengeluaran barangan
‡Agriculture , administration, military,
commercial, religious leader, carpenter & etc
‡Those not engaged in agriculture need not
live in the farming area
 Ô Ô

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THE EXISTENCE OF NON AGRICULTURE

COMMUNITY RESIDING ON THE NON
AGRICULTURE LAND WAS THE STARTING OF CITY
RATTERN LIVING
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^0,000 years BC, Babylon at Mesopotamian

Valley with an area of 8.^ km square
Mohenjodaro at Sind, India with an area of
^.5 km square
Harappa at Runjab, India with an area of
6.5 km square
These cities was estimated to have between
5,000 to ^5,000 people.
1,900 year BC, Hotep-Sanusert at Foyum, Egypt
less than 1 km square had ^,000 people
Thebes with ^0 km square had ^^5,000 people
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Most ancient cities were the government

administrative centre.

The existence of ancient cities and settlements

at North Africa, around Mediterranean Ocean,
Rersian Gulf, India, China & Latin America.

But the cities were not long lasting; destroyed or

demolished due to wars, disasters and
epidemics.
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‡Well structured & organizes cities
‡Royal palace located at the centre
‡Surrounded ministers & military
‡Merchants stayed outside the fort
‡ Market/bazare located near the
palace/religious building
‡ Functions as Capital city - administration,
defence, commercial and cultural centre
‡ Usually located at fertile river valley or near the
sea, river estuary or river bed which are an
important passage
  

 
‡ Technology development lead to industrial
revolution

‡ The invention modern technique and

technology in agriculture, manufacturing,
transportation & industrial together with the
changing of political system, administration &
education ² the thinking and situation of the
people started to change

‡ The invention of steam engine in the 19th

century had changed the people way of life

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‡Industrial development; utilization of water

and wind power, invention of steam engine
(coal) & fuel operated engine

‡Agricultural development, invention in

commercial and services technique ² able to
obtain food from outside

‡Community changed; from being influenced

by religious leader and noble groups
 
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Usually town planners are more concern to
only physical aspects:
‡ Site
‡ Town size ² total population
‡ Land use types
‡ Design and layout of buildings

Taking into consideration environmental

factors;
‡ Land condition
‡ Topography
‡ Water sources
 ÔÔ Ô
 
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Main Land Use Component:

‡ Residential areas
‡ City centre/Commercial
‡ Industries
‡ Rublic facilities and amenities
‡ Road networks
‡ Rublic transport routes
‡ Open spaces
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Land use are divided and arranged to form a
city structure such as:
‡ Garden City
‡ Radial medieval
‡ Grid iron
‡ Radial neighborhood unit
‡ Rectangular
‡ Radial linear
‡ Rarallel linear
‡ Linear city region
‡ Circuit linear
‡ Double circuit linear
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There are various city form concept:

‡ Radburn superblock
‡ Flank Lloyd Wrights
‡ Rerry
‡ Jose Sert
‡ Clarence Steins
‡ New Town

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There are some examples of city structure:

‡ Miletus
‡ Ralma Nova, Venice
‡ Milton Keynes
‡ Brasillia
‡ Runcorn
‡ Islamabad
‡ Chandigarh
‡ Radburn
‡ Amsterdam
‡ Tsukuba Science City



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