Wireless networks

Its features and utilization

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 Agenda
 Introduction to Wireless Technologies
 Wireless Networking Overview
 Non-Technical considerations
 Other Comparable Technologies

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Non-Technical Considerations
Why Deploy Wireless?

 Cost savings over wireline.

 Can not run wire to locations needed.
 To enable patrons to bring their own laptop, therefore
reducing the cost of owning many PCs.
 To enable you to easily move PCs.
 To be on the leading edge.

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 What is Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi is an abbreviation for Wireless Fidelity and a catch all
phrase for the several different standards and
recommendations that comprise wireless networking.
Wi-Fi enables the user to deploy a computer network without
needing to run cable throughout the facility.

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 Wireless networks
 Wireless LAN(WLAN)
 Wireless MAN
 Wireless WAN

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 IEEE 802.11/Wireless LAN
 Wireless
 Frequency generally used
1. 2.4 GHz
2. 5.0 GHz

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 Benefits
The benefits of wireless LANs include
 Convenience
 Mobility
 Productivity
 Deployment Expandanbility
 Cost

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 Disadvantages
 Security
 Range
 Reliability
 Speed

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 Architecture
 All components that can connect into a wireless medium in a
network are referred to as stations. All stations are equipped
with wireless network interface cards (WNICs). Wireless
stations fall into one of two categories:
 access points and
 clients.

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 Distribution system

A distribution system connects access points in an extended

service setup
Peer –to- peer
Distributing devices.

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 WLAN
 Wi-fi
 Types lEEE 802.11 legacy/a/b/g/n
 Comparisons .

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 IEEE 802.11 legacy
Release Date Op. Frequency Data Rate (Typ) Data Rate (Max) Range(Indoor)
1997 2.4 GHz 1 or 2 Mbit/s 11 Mbit/s ~35 m

Disadv.:-
suffer interference from other products operating in the 2.4 GHz
band.
Devices operating in the 2.4 GHz range include: microwave ovens,
Bluetooth devices, baby monitors and cordless telephones.
Interference issues, and user density problems within the 2.4 GHz
band have become a major concern and frustration for users.

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 IEEE 802.11b
Release Date Op. Frequency Data Rate (Typ) Data Rate (Max) Range(Indoor)
October 1999 2.4 GHz 4.5 Mbit/s 11 Mbit/s ~35 m

Disadv.:-
802.11b devices suffer interference from other products operating
in the 2.4 GHz band.
Devices operating in the 2.4 GHz range include: microwave ovens,
Bluetooth devices, baby monitors and cordless telephones.
Interference issues, and user density problems within the 2.4 GHz
band have become a major concern and frustration for users.

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 IEEE 802.11b
 Pros of 802.11b - lowest cost; signal range is good and not
easily obstructed
 Cons of 802.11b - slowest maximum speed; home
appliances may interfere on the unregulated frequency band

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 802.11a
Release Date Op. Frequency Data Rate (Typ) Data Rate (Max) Range (Indoor)
October 1999 5 GHz 23 Mbit/s 54 Mbit/s ~35 m

Disadvantage:-
 The effective overall range of 802.11a is slightly less than that of
802.11b/g;
 802.11a signals cannot penetrate as far as those for 802.11b
because they are absorbed more readily by walls and other solid
objects in their path.

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 802.11a
 Pros of 802.11a - fast maximum speed; regulated
frequencies prevent signal interference from other devices
 Cons of 802.11a - highest cost; shorter range signal that is
more easily obstructed

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 802.11g
802.11g attempts to combine the best of both 802.11a and 802.11b.
802.11g supports bandwidth up to 54 Mbps, and it uses the 2.4
Ghz frequency for greater range
 Pros of 802.11g - fast maximum speed; signal range is good and
not easily obstructed
 Cons of 802.11g - costs more than 802.11b; appliances may
interfere on the unregulated signal frequency

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 IEEE 802.11g
 In June 2003, a third modulation standard was ratified: 802.11g.
 This works in the 2.4 GHz band (like 802.11b) but
 operates at a maximum raw data rate of 54 Mbit/s, or about 19
Mbit/s net throughput.
 802.11g hardware is fully backwards compatible with 802.11b
hardware.
 Disadvantages:- same as IEEE 802.11b.

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 802.11n
The newest IEEE standard in the Wi-Fi category is 802.11n. It was designed to
improve on 802.11g in the amount of bandwidth supported by utilizing
multiple wireless signals and antennas (called MIMO technology) instead of one.
 Pros of 802.11n - fastest maximum speed and best signal range; more resistant
to signal interference from outside sources
 Cons of 802.11n - standard is not yet finalized; costs more than 802.11g; the
use of multiple signals may greatly interfere with nearby 802.11b/g based
networks.

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 IEEE 802.11n
Release Date Op. Frequency Data Rate (Typ) Data Rate (Max) Range (Indoor) June 2009
802.11n is a
5 GHz and/or 2.4 GHz 74 Mbit/s 248 Mbit/s (2 streams)~70 m
amendment which improves upon the previous 802.11
standards by adding multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)
and many other newer features.

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 Bluetooth
 Bluetooth is an alternative wireless network technology that followed a
different development path than the 802.11 family.
 Bluetooth supports a very short range (approximately 10 meters) and relatively
low bandwidth (1-3 Mbps in practice) designed for low-power network devices
like handhelds.
 The low manufacturing cost of Bluetooth hardware also appeals to industry
vendors.
 Readily find Bluetooth in the networking of PDAs or cell phones with PCs, but
it is rarely used for general-purpose WLAN networking due to the range and
speed considerations.

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 Bluetooth – 802.15

Bluetooth is the standard for wireless

personal area networks or WPAN. It
allows high speed transmission of data
over very short distances. Bluetooth is
normally used for transferring data
between laptops, or in Internet Kiosk
type applications where roaming is not
needed.
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 Modulation techniques
 Bluetooth :frequency hopping spread spectrum signaling
method (FHSS)
 while 802.11b/g uses a direct sequence spread spectrum
signaling method (DSSS).

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 Agenda
 Introduction to Wireless Technologies
 Wireless Networking Overview

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 Technology overview

How does is work?

 A wireless NIC is needed to access the wireless LAN with a
notebook computer, PDA, Tablet PC, Web-Pad, wireless printer,
wireless Webcam, or other Wi-Fi-compliant peripherals
 Types of Wi-Fi NICs: PC (PCMCIA) cards, Compact Flash cards,
PCI NICs and USB Wi-Fi adapters

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 Wireless Networking Overview
Wireless Network Components

 Access Points
 NICs – Network Interface Cards
 PCMCIA
 USB
 PCI
 CompactFlash
 Other Wireless Devices
 Bridges and Routers
 Print Servers
 PCs, Laptops, PDAs
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Wireless Networking Overview
Connecting To a Legacy Network

Access Points connect

the wireless network
to the legacy
network.

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 Wireless Access Point
 2.4 & 5 Ghz dual mode.

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 wireless router
 Connectivity Technology Wireless, wired
 Integrated Switch 4-port switch
 Frequency Band 2.4 GHz
 Spread Spectrum Method OFDM, DSSS
 Switching Protocol Ethernet
 Remote Management Protocol HTTP

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 Wireless USB Network adaptor
USB Network Adapter easily connects USB-equipped desktop or notebook computer to your
wireless network for Internet and file sharing

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 Wireless PC Card
This versatile PC card works with either wireless standard 802.11b or 802.11g, to keep you
connected today and tomorrow. Put it in your notebook PC and be connected .

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 Wireless firewall
Protection techniques.

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 network adapter
Device Type Network adapter
Form Factor Plug-in card
Interface (Bus) Mini PCI

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 Wireless MAN
 WiMAX, the Broadband Wireless MAN is produced by DAX
Associates and published by the IGI Group

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 WiMAX, the Worldwide Interoperability for
Microwave Access
 providing wireless data over long distances in a variety of
ways
 IEEE 802.16
 2.5 GHz frequency band

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 Wireless net.

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 Wimax types
The fixed WiMax standard IEEE 802.16-2004 (also known as 802.16d), which
provides fixed, point-to-multi point broadband wireless access service and its
product profile utilizes the OFDM 256-FFT. The fixed WiMAX 802.16-2004
standard supports both time division duplex (TDD) and frequency division
duplex (FDD) services - the latter of which delivers full duplex transmission
on the same signal if desired.
In Dec. 2005, IEEE approved the mobile WiMax standard, the 802.16-2005 (also
known as 802.16e). IEEE 802.16e, adds mobility features to WiMAX in the 2
to 11 GHz licensed bands. 802.16e allows for fixed wireless and mobile Non
Line of Sight (NLOS) applications primarily by enhancing the OFDMA
(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access).

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 WiMAX architecture
IEEE 802.16 Protocol Architecture has 4 layers: Convergence, MAC, Transmission and physical, which can
be map to two OSI lowest layers: physical and data link

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 Comparison between different wireless
techniques

802.15.1 (Bluetooth)
IEEE802.16d (802.16 802.11
Parameters IEEE802.16e (802.16-2005
2004 Fixed WiMAX) (WLAN)
Mobile WiMAX)

Frequency Band: 2-66GHz 2 - 11GHz 2.4 – 5.8GHz 2.4GHz

~31 miles
Range ~31 miles ~100 meters ~10meters

~15 Mbps
Maximum Data rate: ~134 Mbps ~55 Mbps ~3Mbps

Thousands
Number of users: Thousands Dozens Dozens

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 Security Ievels
The most common security levels are
 Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)-Personal and
 Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP).
 When setting up a network, you should use one or more of the
following security measures:■ Enable WPA-Personal or WEP security encryption
on the router.
■ Change the default network name (SSID) and password.
■ Use a firewall.
■ Set security on your Web browser.

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Wireless Networking Overview
Security (Encryption, Content Filtering, Privacy, etc.)

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Wireless Networking Overview
Security (Encryption, Content Filtering, Privacy, etc.)

Encryption
 Encryption on the pubic network can be used but would create
administrative overhead. Encryption keys would have to be
changed regularly and anyone using their own laptop would have
to be given the key.
 Encryption works best in a network that does not allow people to
use their own laptops.
 Encryption increases privacy, but can be thwarted, either by
software, or by gaining access to a PC configured with wireless
and writing down the key.

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Wireless Networking Overview
Security (Encryption, Content Filtering, Privacy, etc.)

Content Filtering & Proxy Servers

Web content filtering that has generally been software on the desktop would
have to be handled by a server if people are allowed to use their own laptops.

Proxy servers allow you to control what information people have access to.
This is a good practice anyway, allowing you to control at a global level what
information travels over your network. It also allows you to track usage.

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Wireless Networking Overview
Security (Encryption, Content Filtering, Privacy, etc.)

Viruses and Hacker

 Wireless does not add any additional threat in the way of
viruses.
 Anyone, anywhere can attack a network that is connected to the
Internet. Wireless does not increase that chance. Security
measures such as firewalls, can reduce the risk.

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