Why is there a need to philosophize?

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 Whenever we are confronted with an experience, we
always wonder how it came about, man’s over bounding
curiosity drives him to ask questions, some of which have
no definite answers.
Where did we come Why do we exist?
from?
Child’s curiosity about all
the things around him
For what purpose
were we created?

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He became famous for rejecting and questioning established
ideas, and he even went as far as doubting his own ideas.

His method of examining ideas and perspectives became

the basis of critical thinking and analysis in the science.

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He believed that man is often confronted by experiences which
challenge his ideas and framework. He called these experiences limit
situations.
For Jasper, philosophy provides us a means to understand
adverse or challenging conditions, and to rise above them and
gain new knowledge and perspective

Limit situations are often accompanied by feelings,

helplessness, anxiety or dread.
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To love for wisdom is to have insatiable desire for truth.
People seek to continue to question, to probe and to discuss
in order to get to the bottom of things.

SOCRATES – known for his motto “ the unexamined

life is not worth living”
He also famous for having said “ I know that I do not
know” …..and it is in accepting this state of ignorance
that one can begin to learn and understand
 How do we characterize the study of philosophy?

A way of analyzing framework

framework is defined as a way of thinking

about the world and is composed of views
and beliefs of a person

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Internal questions- questions
dealing with our correctness
and values which can be
addressed using our own
personal framework

External questions- seek to

question the very frameworks
upon which people based their
own belief and views

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 “
Philosophy itself is a distinct area of knowledge with its own
goal, concerns and way of doing things.

It is often divide into several branches each of

which deals with a particular aspect of life or
phenomena

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 Philosophy of the Human Person is an
area of philosophy that understands the
human person form a philosophical
perspective.
– integrating and synthesizing the different
branches of philosophy and other fields to
know the truth about the human person

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 PHILOSOPHY

Practical Speculative

Logic Epistemology

Ethics Theodicy

Axiology Cosmology

Aesthetics Psychology

Semantics Metaphysics
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 Practical Philosophy
Practical philosophy- is composed of philosophical fields
which study not only to obtain knowledge and wisdom Is there a norm
but to use that knowledge and wisdom for practical for good and
purposes. evil?
What makes my
actions right or
Ethics- deals with moral wrong? And how
questions and dilemmas; could I know it? How should I
comes from the greek word treat other
“ ethos” meaning Character human being and
how should be
“ treated in return?

How should I live

my life?

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 Practical Philosophy

Logic- Questions related to What makes good

reasoning. From the greek arguments good
word “logike” meaning “ and bad
arguments bad?
thought”. It is the science How can one tell
and art of correct thinking. whether an
* This covers the study of arguments is
simple apprehension and justified, believable
or convincing?
ideas, judgment, proposition,
reasoning and arguments

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 Practical Philosophy
A
In what sense
can values be
said to exist?
AXIOLOGY- questions related
to value. Comes from the
How are values
greek word “axios” meaning experienced?
“worth” and logos as
“science”. Is the value in the
* It is the science of value. It is quality of an
the study of the origin, nature, object or an act, or
functions, types and is it in the mind?
interrelations of values

“ What are the kind

of values??

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 Practical Philosophy

What are the

Aesthetic- Questions related essential
to beauty and taste. From the characteristics of
greek word “aesthetikos” beauty? Is the beauty in
meaning sense of perception. the eye of the
Thus it is the science of beholder or an
beauty an d art. object?

“
What makes
something
beautiful,
disgusting, fun,
cute, silly, boring
and humorous?

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 Practical Philosophy
What sorts of
questions do human
SEMANTICS- questions grammars yield, and
related to meaning. From the by what rules are these
greek word “semańo” meaning assembled?
meaning to mean or to
signify.
It is the science of meaning. It is
the philosophical and scientific
study of meaning in natural and How does
artificial language. grammatical
“ knowledge
developed in
children?

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 Speculative Philosophy
Made up of philosophical fields whose main concern is the
acquisition of knowledge without any thought of applying Is there a norm
it. for good and
evil?

What is
Epistemology- questions related to knowledge?
truth and knowledge. From the
greek word “ episteme” meaning
“knowledge” and logos meaning What is truth?
“science”
Thus it is the science of knowledge.
* This include the statement and
solution to critical problems, nature,
origin and validity of knowledge. What is fact?

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 Speculative Philosophy

Why God
allows evil?

Theodicy- Questions related to

God. Comes from the greek word “
theos meaning “God”. It is the
science of God. It is the science of What are the
nature, existence, essnce, attributes arguments or
and operations of God proof of his
existence?
Is God just? If He
is, why does the
morally upright
person suffer while
evil men prosper?

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 Speculative Philosophy

Cosmology- Questions related

How did the world
toUniverse. Comes from the greek
begin?
word “ kosmos” meaning
“Universe”. It is the science that
deals with origin and development Is the world
of the universe. With its parts, eternal, that is to
elements, laws, matter and form, say, has it no
change, motion, time, place, space, beginning and
currption, generation etc. no end?

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 Speculative Philosophy
If a man has a
soul, is it
Is there really soul?
immortal?
Psychology- Questions related to
Soul. Comes from the greek word “
“psyche” meaning “soul”. It is the
science of soul. It is the study of What argument
that deals not with man not only as is there to show
a sensing or thinking subject but that man has or
also composed of body and soul. does not have a
soul?

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 Speculative Philosophy

What is
Metaphysics- Questions related to What is a being? existence?
Being and Existence. Comes from
the greek word “ “meta” meaning
“after” as well as “physikon”
meaning “ nature”. Thus it studies
the nature of the mind, the self and
consciousness, It is the science
What is essnce?
which deals with the nature of
What is existence?
being, its attributes, constituents,
principles and causes.

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 “
2 important facts about philosophizing

Philosophy is a reflective and meditative activity -

it has no subject matter of his own

Method of mental exercise on any type of

experience

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