The Global Consequences of Our Nutritional Habits

The global consequences of
our nutritional habits

-
The consequences of the worldwide production of 65
billion farm animals per year on the environment and
climate, global nutrition, animal welfare and human health
– and possible alternatives!
Global consequences of our nutritional habits & livestock Kurt Schmidinger – www.futurefood.org
Geophysicist & Food Scientist
Livestock / Consumption of animal products
Global consequences – the major 4:
Environment (incl. climate)

Human health
Animal rights and animal welfare
World nutrition / world hunger
Environment / Climate
Film: Mechanisms of the greenhouse effect – described

in simple form: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HxheREfgUGY
Film: Veggie-Day as a first political measure:
Already existing in Gent (BE), Bremen (DE), Sao Paolo (BR),
San Francisco (US), Washington DC (US), Kapstadt (ZA),
Zagreb (HR)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xj80Lfoh2_c
World hunger / environment
Meat = lengthened
food chain =>
requires 5-15 times
more areas, plants,
water etc. to feed
humans
(Exception: Pure pasture
management of ruminants, which
on the other hand requires huge
areas, causes much of the
methane-issues, furthermore only
small share of global production).
Input / Output: 1 out of 7 calories converted to
meat, what happens with the rest?
Metabolic losses inevitable (compare humans), Bread example, livestock first of all an efficient production of
excrements, meat as „side product“, by far biggest waste of food globally, 1/3 of world harvest (cereals+soya)
converted to excrements!
Environment: Climate, water, erosion,
land consumption, ...
« The livestock sector emerges as one of the top two or three most
significant contributors to the most serious environmental problems, at
every scale from local to global. The findings of this report suggest that it
should be a major policy focus when dealing with problems of land
degradation, climate change and air pollution, water shortage and water
pollution and loss of biodiversity.
Livestock’s contribution to environmental problems is on a massive scale and its
potential contribution to their solution is equally large. The impact is so
significant that it needs to be addressed with urgency. Major redutions in impact
could be achieved at reasonable cost »
Livestock’s Long Shadow, FAO 2006
Land consumption, water consumption, water pollution,

rainforest destruction
Climate, loss of biodiversity, soil erosion, air pollution
Environment: Climate change (1)
According to the FAO, the livestock-sector is

responsible for 18% of global greenhouse gas
emissions – more than total worldwide traffic
(aeroplanes, cars, trucks, trains, ...):
Methane (CH4): digestion of ruminants, …
Nitrous Oxide (N2O): fertilizer, manure, …
< Carbon dioxide (CO2): fire clearing of
rainforests etc.
Interdisciplinary Study NL: Worldwide Reduction (definition see paper)
of consumption of animal products saves
20 000 000 000 000 US$ (=50%)
of climate stabilisation costs (Aim: GHG concentration levels 2050
same as today) - enough to build 130 million one-family houses at the
cost of US$ 150 000 each - new houses for whole Europe!
Reasons:
1. Saving of the CO2, N2O and CH4-emissions from
livestock,
< 2. Vastly reduced land consumption, partly regrowing
forests, bushes => huge CO2-sink due to regrowing forests
=> climate protection “almost for free”!
Link: http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn16573-eating-less-meat-could-cut-
climate-costs.html
Interdisciplinary Study NL: Worldwide Reduction (definition see paper)
of consumption of animal products saves
32 000 000 000 000 US$ (=80%)
of climate stabilisation costs (Aim: GHG concentration levels 2050
same as today) - enough to build > 200 million one-family houses at
the cost of US$ 150 000 each - new houses for whole Europe, Russia,
Australia, Canada!
Reasons:
1. Saving of the CO2, N2O and CH4-emissions from
livestock,
2. Vastly reduced land consumption, partly regrowing
< forests, bushes => huge CO2-sink due to regrowing forests
=> climate protection “almost for free”!
climate-costs.html
Environment: Rainforest destruction
Fire clearance of rainforests

Pastures for cattle
Feed monocultures (85% of global soy harvest as animal feed)
 CO2-emissions due to fire clearances

 or later: agricultural areas prevent that woods can function as
CO2-sink (CO2-“sponge”)
Environment: Excrements
Manure – water pollution worldwide
Enormous amounts, more than humans produce - no wonder as

farm animal population > 25 billion (> 3 times number of humans)
and “production” of 65 billion farm animals per year.
# Tierhaltung: 51%, 18%, <5% - was stimmt
??
Warum kommen Studien zur Auswirkung von
Tierhaltung / Fleischkonsum aufs Weltklima auf so
dramatisch unterschiedliche Ergebnisse?
Worldwatch 51%,
FAO 18%,
einige behaupten < 5%, z.B. für die USA die U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (2008) (U.S. EPA. 2008.
Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions
and Sinks: 1990-2006. U.S. EPA,
Washington, DC. )
??
1. Die Methoden (LCA, ökolog. Fußabdruck, ...)
– LCA “blind” für Flächenverbrauch, misst nur THG-
Emissionen
– Footprint misst alles in Flächen (gha): Flächen die wir
direkt brauchen, und auch Flächen (Wald), die nötig
wären/sind, um z.B. unsere THG-Emissionen wieder zu
binden und aus der Atmosphäre zu bringen. Tierhaltung
hier also durch zwei Faktoren: THG-Emissionen und
direkte Flächen (Tierhaltung 80% der landwirtsch.
Flächen weltweit)
– “missed carbon sink” durch Flächenverbrauch im
Footprint de facto drinnen, in LCAs (noch?) gar nicht
??
Interdisziplinäre Studie NL: Weltweiter Verzicht auf Tierhaltung spart
32.000.000.000.000 US$ (=80%)
an Klimastabilisierungskosten (Ziel: Treibhausgaskonzentration 2050
in etwa so wie heute). Das entspricht > 200 Millionen
Einfamilienhäusern zu je 150.000 US$!! Neue Häuser für ganz Europa,
Russland, Australien, Kanada!
Gründe:
1. Wegfall der CO2, N2O und CH4-Emissionen aus
Tierhaltung,
< 2. weitaus geringerer Flächenbedarf, z.T.
Wiederbewaldung => riesige CO2-Senke durch
nachwachsende Wälder => Klimaschutz fast zum Nulltarif!
climate-costs.html
??
2. Überzählige oder fehlende Faktoren in der
Bilanz
– Z.B. Worldwatch rechnet Atmung der Tiere mit (CO2
entsteht), aber nicht CO2-Aufnahme durch die
Futtermittel-Pflanzen: Beides bildet aber einen
kurzlebigen Kreislauf, ein Nullsummenspiel, entweder ich
zähl beides, oder lass es (als Nullsumme) gleich weg
aus der Bilanz. Nur eines in die Bilanz aufzunehmen ist
falsch.
– Österreichs Landwirtschaft lässt gern die importierten
Futtermittel aus der Bilanz raus.
??
3. Landänderungen (v.a. Regenwaldbrandrodung/-
abholzung) – tendenziöse Zuordnung zu Ursachen
– Ziel: Fleisch kein Klimakiller: „Ursache
Landspekulationen o.ä., spätere Nutzung für Futtermittel
oder Rinderweiden hat mit Emissionen aus Zerstörung
nichts mehr zu tun“
– Ziel: Fleisch ist Klimakiller: „Ursache natürlich
Futtermittel und Weideland, auch Landspekulation wäre
ohne spätere Nutzung für diese Zwecke nicht möglich“.
– Spielen kann man auch mit weiteren Schräubchen wie
dem Zeitraum, über den man diese Emissionen den
Produkten anlastet.
??
4. GWP-Zeithorizonte
– Global Warming Potential
20 Jahre 100 Jahre
Methan = 72 CO2-Eq. Methan = 25 CO2-Eq.
<
??
5. “Tierhaltungssysteme der Zukunft effizienter!“ ??
– Oft wird argumentiert, je produktiver/hochgezüchteter ein
Tier, umso weniger THG-Emissionen pro Kilogramm
Fleisch/Milch/Eier.
– Achtung, viele andere Faktoren: Welternährung
(„effiziente Nutztiere“ sind Nahrungskonkurrenten, keine
Weidetiere), Verknappung der Ackerflächen,
Biodiversität, Bodenerosion, Wasserverschmutzung,
Tierschutz ...  kein gangbarer Weg
??
Hauptschraube (deckt 1.-5. ab): Politische Absicht!
Wie groß ist der Klimaeffekt der Tierhaltung weltweit wirklich?

– Diskussion anhand der FAO- und Worldwatch-Zahlen und der 5
Punkte und grobe Einschätzung.
– 1. FAO lässt methodisch „missed carbon sink“ aus: sehr relevant.
– 2. Bilanzfaktoren bei FAO weitgehend korrekt, Worldwatch-Fehler
– 3. Zuordnung Landänderung: FAO bemüht um Objektivität
– 4. Evtl. GWP 50 Jahre, FAO dann moderat zu niedrig (Methan)
– 5. Theoret. FAO zu hoch, aber industrielle Tierhaltung Sackgasse
??
In vielen Bereichen Spielräume, kein richtig und falsch
Aber ich schätze es auf:
 20 – 30 % des globalen Klimaeffekts
Planet Earth
2013
World hunger
Of 7 billion humans
800 000 000 suffer from hunger, among these are 200 000 000 children.
25 000 people die from malnutrition each day.
FAO-Report “Crop Prospects and Food Situation” 2008:

754 million tons of cereals are fed to farm animals each year (with a yield of
1:7 for calorie-conversion this is a loss of calculated 650 million tons of
cereals for human nutrition) – soy, etc. not yet included
Compare: Due to biofuel production (2nd biggest problem for loss of
calories at croplands) we lose “only” 100 million tons of cereals for human
nutrition
World hunger
FAO-Report “Crop Prospects and Food Situation” 2008:
754 million tons of cereals are fed to farm animals each year (with a yield
of 1:7 for calorie-conversion this is a loss of calculated 650 million tons of
cereals for human nutrition). Soy, etc. not yet included.
Compare: Due to biofuel production (2nd biggest problem for loss of
calories at croplands) we lose “only” 100 million tons of cereals for human
nutrition.
The biomass of all farm animals exceeds the mass of all wild
vertebrates on land by a factor of 20!! Source: V. Smil The Earth‘s Biosphere
25 billion alive at a moment

65 billion slaughtered per year
Food waste during the production of animal based food

Animal derived foods: Food chain with 3 (plant  animal  human) instead
of 2 elements (plant  human) => inefficient
 > 10 plant calories for 1 calorie of beef
 > 5 plant calories für 1 calorie of pork
 > 3 plant calories für 1 calorie of poultry
1/3 of world harvest (soy + cereals) converted to excrements

! (with an upward tendency) !
Meat = lengthened
food chain =>
requires 5-15 times
more areas, plants,
water etc. to feed
humans
(Exception: Pure pasture
management of ruminants, which
on the other hand requires huge
areas, causes much of the
methane-issues, furthermore only
small share of global production).
Short food chain plant  human could release enormous

areas globally: Possibilities to use these:
Regrowing vegetation could absorb huge amounts of CO2 from
the atmosphere (see slides earlier, interdisciplinary study NL):
Massive contribution to climate stabilisation
Growing of maize for renewable plastic alternatives without
causing a global food crisis
Photovoltaics for energy production, maybe even biofuels
would make sense again
...
Livestock and the cultivation of feed require:
= almost 80% of total global agricultural land (cropland plus pastures)
= 30% of total land surface of the earth
= 2/3 OF ALL areas used by humans globally
Source: FAO, 2006; Goodland R. et al,1999
# Fazit…
7 Milliarden Menschen essen 65 Milliarden Tiere pro Jahr

über 65 Milliarden Nutztiere verbrauchen 40% der Getreide-
und 85% der Sojaernte weltweit, konvertieren 1/3 der Welternte
in Exkremente
dafür werden 80% der landwirtschaftlichen Flächen verwendet
diese Ernten und das Land könnten weit effizienter für direkte
menschliche Ernährung verwendet werden
Menschen in den Industrieländern sind übergewichtig und
sterben an Zivilisationskrankheiten als Folge dieser
Überernährung
The future?
Environment
Average water consumption / kg .…
potatoes 500 litres

wheat 900 litres
soybeans 2 000 litres
beef 15 000 litres
Please interpret these numbers with caution, more details (green,

blue, grey water-footprint) beyond the scope of this presentation
Health: What means ...
vegetarian: No meat, no
fish, but milk and dairy
products and eggs.
vegan: no animal products

at all, i.e. no meat, dairy,
eggs, fish, ...
further forms like raw

food, macrobiotics,
frutarism, ...
Maybe at least meat is healthy ... ?
Vegan
instead
of ears!
Maybe at least meat is healthy ... ?
Health – take care of
Of what should we especially take care of?
Especially for vegan/vegetarian diets:
Mix Proteins: Cereals (short of lysine or threonine but good source for
methionine), nuts/oat flakes/cacao (much tryptophan) and legumes (rich in all but
methionine)
Minerals: Calcium, iron, zinc
Vitamins: Take care of Vit. B12, possibly also D (especially in winter)
Omega-3-fatty acids: Linseed oil (do not heat!) as a good source. Alternative:
EPA- und DHA-containing algae supplement (food supplement)
=> Interesting values for blood-tests especially for vegans/vegetarians:

Vit. B12 + D + folic acid, calcium, iron+ferritin, zinc, homocysteine, HDL:LDL-
quotient
Health – veggies celebrate!
And these are especially important advantages again especially for vegan
diets:
De facto all worldwide pandemics of the last decades (bird flu, swine flu,
EHEC, BSE, ...) and of the future (...,...,...) from intensive livestock farms:
Billions of animals packed together, bad housing, bad immune system, ... =>
without livestock avoidable!
Antibiotic resistance from intensive livestock farms (“factory farming”)

would be avoidable
Bacterial food poisoning (salmonellosis, E Coli, etc.) mostly a problem

with animal products => avoidable
You get far less of these “evils”: Cholesterol, arachidonic acid, purines,
saturated fatty acids, also free radicals/ox.stress, ...
You get more of these “good things”: Vitamin C+E, fibres (whole meal)
and phytochemiclas (fruits!, vegetables!, antioxidative effects etc.)
Health – factory farming
Industrial livestock farms can harm humans, think of antibiotic resistance, but
also this:
and swine flu ?
and .... ?
Health – “meat sicknesses” (1)
The (high) consumption of animal products is

linked to the following sicknesses:
Cardiovascular diseases (Oxford Studies, 7th Day
Adventists study, studies of the ADA, Uni Gießen,
Bundesgesundheitsamt Berlin, u.v.m.)
Colon Cancer (American Cancer Society, Univ.
Oxford, Univ. San Diego, Krebsforschungszentrum
Heidelberg), breast cancer (Harvard Medical School),
prostate cancer (PCRM, Washington DC), gastric
cancers (EPIC)
Health – “meat sicknesses” (2)
Osteoporosis (!) (UC San Francisco, USDA-ARS)

Multiple sclerosis (CHRU Grenoble)
Gallstones
Type 2 diabetes
Obesity
Allergies
Rheumatoid Arthritis (UUH Oslo)
Links to the papers  www.futurefood.org  For the world  Health
# Gesundheit: in Belgien
Ergebnisse der Nationalen Aktueller Entwurf
Ernährungsumfrage: Gesundheitsvorsorge-Plan
Zu wenig Gemüse Mehr Gemüse!

Zu wenig Obst Mehr Obst!
Zu wenig Ballaststoffe Mehr Ballaststoffe!
Zu wenig Flüssigkeit Mehr trinken!
Zu viel Süßes / Alkohol Weniger Süßes / Alkohol
Zu viel Fleisch ??
Health – Veggie also for Kids, ..?!
Vegetarian diets with milk (and eggs) are widely accepted: They reduce many
– but do not avoid all – problems caused by animal products.
A deliberate vegan diet avoids all disadvantages of animal products and avoids
the disadvantages of a non-deliberate vegan diet  optimum
For infants:
ADA (the world biggest dietetic association) and others recommend a

vegan diet for all stages of the life cycle, others are more sceptical.
Vegan mothers have to be well nourished and should breast feed the
child
For small and big children: Pay attention to slide

=> Health – take care of !
... and then make use of the benefits!
Animal welfare
Most mother sows in Europe, … and almost all fattening pigs

China or the US live like that like this
Animal welfare – “factory farming life”
Before birth: Animals bred with extreme characteristics detrimental to
the health for highest egg-, milk- or meat-production.
Immediately after birth:

Male laying-hen chicken gassed or killed otherwise
Dairy calves separated from mothers shortly after birth
Mutilations shortly after birth
beak trimming,
dehorning,
clipping of teeth and tails
castration
 globally mainly performed without
anaesthesia
Life
Tiny cages (laying hens, rabbits, quails, mother sows, …)
Tethered: Many dairy cows
Kept densely packed: Fattening pigs, broiler chickens, turkeys, rabbits,
ducks, …
Often strong stench (smell)
• Individual :
Force feeding (e.g. goose- or duck fatty liver) with 1/5 of the live weight of
the ducks and geese per day.
Injured animals left to die from injuries or thirst in cages or outside boxes …
Broiler chicken “runts” die of thirst
Technical failures / fire lead to mass deaths, usually no evacuation possible
And the end?
Transport to slaughterhouses, sometimes half way around the world, (e.g.
sheep or cattle from Australia to Egypt)
Slaughterhouse:
Often stunning does not work, and billions are also butchered kosher/halal
without intended stunning
Individuals (pigs, poultry) live until they reach the tanks where they are scalded
Some species are boiled alive (such as lobsters)
Undercover investigations also show abuse and sadism carried out on animals
Compare with golden rule of ethics: „One should not treat others in ways
that one would not like to be treated“.
Films / Documentaries
Documentaries 10-25 minutes:
Meet your Meat (USA, but in many aspects similar conditions in
Europe, too): http://www.meat.org/
Intensive pig farming, focus on Austria (German):
http://www.tierrechtsfilme.at/langfilme/schweinehaltung_lucie/lucie
.htm
Force feeding of ducks and geese (forbidden in many
countries, but imported almost everywhere):
http://www.vierpfoten.org/website/output.php?id=1177&idcontent=
1909&language=2
Films / Documentaries
95 minutes documentary:
„Earthlings“: http://veg-tv.info/Earthlings
Awarded comic (short) – The Meatrix:
http://www.themeatrix.com/
Animal welfare – “impressions”
Livestock / consumption of animal products
is the biggest ... on earth !! one of the biggest or the biggest ... on earth!!
land consumer factor in loss of biodiversity
water consumer cause for soil erosion
water contaminator risk factor for lifestyle diseases
contributor to rainforest risk factor for antibiotic resistances
destruction
food-waster is one of the biggest ... on earth!!
cause of billionfold suffering climate killers
of animals air polluter
risk factor for food
poisonings
risk factor for global
pandemics
„With each meal the earth is at stake“
If too much meat is

a big part of the
problems, we
should modernise
our nutrition as
part of the
solutions
www.futurefood.org - alternatives to
animals products
The reasons
Environment (climate)
Health
Animal welfare
World nutrition / hunger
What could lead to a collapse of the
„factory farming“ practices?
Human reason / ethics ????
Top-products as alternatives to animal products ??
Food shortages (climate?) / concurrency of non-food
croplands (plastic alternatives made of maize, biofuels) ??
Antibiotic-resistances from intensive livestock facilities ???
Serious new pandemics from intensive livestock facilities ?
Success criteria?
Flavour: Taste, aroma, smell, texture, satiety
feeling, ...
Price
Marketing, target groups, advertising
Health
Shelf life / hygiene / logistic advantages
www.futurefood.org Alternatives to
animal products
“Vegetarian meat”: All raw materials to replace
meat
“Non dairy milk products”: All raw materials to
replace dairy milk, cheese, joghurt etc.
“Replace egg products”: All raw materials to
replace egg products
Vegetarian meat
Wheat: Wheat gluten (seitan)
Soy: Soya meat (TVP), tofu, tempeh, sprouted
soybeans
Sweet lupines
Fresh mushrooms
Fermented fungi, e.g. Quorn
Algae
Rice, peas
Some top brands veget. meat
Tofurky (Turtle Islands Foods):
Oregon, USA
Sausages, roasts and others, based on tofu and wheat gluten, but also tempeh.
Gardein (Garden Protein Int.):

British Columbia, Canada
"Chicken"-wings,-filets,-breasts und-stripes, skewers and more,
Based on soy protein and wheat gluten.
Some top brands veget. meat
Impossible Foods
California, USA
Breaking new grounds with their mission to
create the perfect plant based "beef burger" with
heme (haem) from plants as "bloody juice".
and many others
Plant based alternatives to dairy products
Drinks (“milk”), yoghurts, cream, sour cream made from soy,
oat, almond, rice, coco, quinoa, millet, spelt, barley, kamut.
Often fortified with B2, B12, D2, calcium, A, B6, folic acid, E
Ice cream from soy, rice, etc.
“Cheese” from soy protein, pea protein, tofu, potato starch, rice
starch, soy oil, other plant based fats and oils, nut butter,
thickening agents, yeast, but also: tapioca- u. arrowroot flour,
rapeseed oil, safflower oil, coconut oil, etc.
Desserts, confectionaries, margarine ...
Some top brands for dairy alternatives
Alpro / Provamel
Belgium, but also Germany, UK
European market leader, huge variety, mostly based on soy, to a
lesser extent on rice, almond or oat,
Provamel is the brand for the organic product range
Turtle Mountain
Oregon, USA
„So Delicious” and “Purely Decadent”, ice cream, frozen desserts,
based on soy
Some top brands for dairy alternatives
Valsoia
Italiy
Drinks, Desserts, ice cream, confectionary based on soy, partly
also rice, also vegetarian meat products (burgers, sausages cutlets, …)
Daiya
Canada
Cheese alternatives, also cooperation with other veggie-food-
producers (e.g. as pizza cheese), unique composition: tapioca-
and arrowroot flour, rapeseed oil, safflower oil, coconut oil, pea protein
Plant based alternatives to egg products
Alternatives to egg products for the industry: About 10
companies in the US, NL, UK and others. Made of gelling and
thickening agents (alginate, carrageen, guar flour, locust bean
gum, xanthan gum), soy lecithin, potato protein, potato starch,
full soy beans, wheat gluten, corn syrup, sometimes also dairy(!)
or egg(!!) ingredients
 see http://www.futurefood.org/eggproducts/index_en.php
Interesting startups like “Beyond Eggs – Hampton Creek” –
supported by Bill Gates, “mayo wars” with Unilever, brought huge
popularity
Plant based alternatives to egg products
At home: “Egg replacers” by Ener-G, Orgran or others (potato-, tapioca
starch, CMC, citric acid, calcium carbonate)
Or simply use soy flour, baking powder, mineral water, locust bean gum,
agar-agar, soaked linseeds, etc.
“Vegan fried egg”, “vegan yolk” by
“The Vegg”.
Or from Tyrol “MyEy”: Maltodextrin,
pea and potato protein,
lupine flour, xanthan, locust bean gum,
Kala Namak, curcuma, paprika,
white pepper, …
Other options to optimize a possible vegan
future nutrition
Breeding enhancements for crops
Fertilization of crops
well-directed fortification of foods
Special fermentation processes
Futuristic approaches
Biofermenter: Peter Arras / AKT, Germany, take ruminants as
model/guide  food out of straw, harvest waste, etc. (all this
would suddenly also be basis for human nutrition)
In Vitro Meat: ”Real” meat without animals, produced out of cells
in labs.
Technological basic facts: Initial cells, culture medium incl. growth
factors, bioreactors, etc. see
http://www.futurefood.org/DissertationSchmidinger.pdf, chapt.12
Futuristic approaches – in vitro meat
Some protagonists:
Henk Haagsman and Bernard Roelen (NL): Worked on basic understanding
Mark Post (NL): Supported by Sergey Brin, presented the first in-vitro-meat burger
of the world for 250.000 € in August 2013.
NGOs new-harvest.org or thegoodfoodinstitute.org and (in earlier times more
active) Stig Omholt (Norway, with 1. in-vitro-meat symposium): Networking
Gabor a. Andras Forgacs (USA): “Modern Meadow”, 3D-printer, Thiel-Foundation
Vladimir Mironov and Nick Genovese (USA): PeTA, 3-D-printer, networking,
mastermind
Oron Catts & Ionat Zurr (AUS): Artists from Australia
Willem van Eelen (NL): Pioneer, cultured meat patent
Memphis Meats, first in-vitro-meatball in 2016
Tips:
Handouts: e.g. Tofushopping, Link auf die

Präsentation, ##
This Präsentation:
http://www.futurefood.org/basic_english.ppt
Tips for canteen kitchens:
Canteen kitchen project: www.gv-nachhaltig.de/
Regional veggie-gastronomy: ## z.b. Graz Ginko,
Mangolds, Rest. Arche ##
We just have this 1 world …
Global consequences of our nutritional habits & livestock
Kurt Schmidinger – www.futurefood.org
Dr. Kurt Schmidinger
Graduate in Geophysics & Doctor in Food Science
Project Leader www.futurefood.org
Tel. +43 / 676 / 33 22 107
Kurt.schmidinger@futurefood.org

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The global consequences of

our nutritional habits

Global consequences – the major 4:

Environment (incl. climate)

Film: Mechanisms of the greenhouse effect – described

Land consumption, water consumption, water pollution,

According to the FAO, the livestock-sector is

Fire clearance of rainforests

 CO2-emissions due to fire clearances

Enormous amounts, more than humans produce - no wonder as

20 Jahre 100 Jahre

Methan = 72 CO2-Eq. Methan = 25 CO2-Eq.

Wie groß ist der Klimaeffekt der Tierhaltung weltweit wirklich?

FAO-Report “Crop Prospects and Food Situation” 2008:

25 billion alive at a moment

Food waste during the production of animal based food

1/3 of world harvest (soy + cereals) converted to excrements

Short food chain plant  human could release enormous

Source: FAO, 2006; Goodland R. et al,1999

7 Milliarden Menschen essen 65 Milliarden Tiere pro Jahr

Average water consumption / kg .…

potatoes 500 litres

Please interpret these numbers with caution, more details (green,

vegan: no animal products

further forms like raw

Minerals: Calcium, iron, zinc

Vitamins: Take care of Vit. B12, possibly also D (especially in winter)

=> Interesting values for blood-tests especially for vegans/vegetarians:

Antibiotic resistance from intensive livestock farms (“factory farming”)

Bacterial food poisoning (salmonellosis, E Coli, etc.) mostly a problem

and swine flu ?

The (high) consumption of animal products is

Osteoporosis (!) (UC San Francisco, USDA-ARS)

Zu wenig Gemüse Mehr Gemüse!

ADA (the world biggest dietetic association) and others recommend a

For small and big children: Pay attention to slide

Most mother sows in Europe, … and almost all fattening pigs

Immediately after birth:

If too much meat is

Gardein (Garden Protein Int.):

and many others

Handouts: e.g. Tofushopping, Link auf die

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