Impact & Pressure Tests

API 570: PIPING INSPECTION CODE: Inspection,
Repair, Alteration & Rerating of Inservice Piping

Systems (API Exam Preparation Training)
Section 4
IMPACT TEST,
Pressure Tests Hydrostatic,
Pneumatic, and Combination Tests
Section 4 Haward Technology Middle East 1

Impact testing
* If temperature – thickness combination falls on or above the

material curve (Fig. 323.22), impact testing is NOT required.
(If below the curve – impact testing is required)
12- For impact testing 3 specimen are required. If the average
of 3 specimen > = Required Average .
and Value of only one specimen is less than average but more
than minimum for one specimen — Accept
13- Value of one specimen is less than minimum for one

specimen — Retest
Value of two specimen is less than average — Retest
After retest, all specimen must have value > = Average

Value
API 570 Pressure Testing

Requirements 5.8
API 570 directs that all pressure tests shall be in

conformance with ASME B31.3 requirements.
Pressure tests shall be performed in accordance with the

requirements of ASME B31.3.

ASME B31.3 Calculation of Test

Pressures 345.4
Hydrostatic Leak Test
Test Pressure
Except as provided in paragraph 345.4.3, the
hydrostatic test pressure at any point in a metallic
piping system shall be as follows:
(a) not less than 1 ½ times the design pressure;
for design temperature above the test temperature,
the minimum test pressure shall be calculated by Eq.
(24), except that the value of ST /S shall not exceed
6.5:

Pressures 345.4
(a) not less than 1.5 times the design pressure
where:
P = internal design gage pressure
PT = minimum test gage pressure
Rr = ratio of ST/S for pipe or components without established ratings, but
shall not exceed 6.5 ratio of the component pressure rating at the test
temperature to the component pressure rating at the component design
temperature for components with established ratings, but shall not exceed
6.5
S = allowable stress value at component design temperature (see Table A-1)
ST = allowable stress value at test temperature


Pressures 345.4
Example Problem 1. Calculate the minimum test gage
pressure ( PT ) for the following piping system hydrostatic
test:
Design gage pressure 750 psig

Design temperature 400 o F
Piping material A 106 Gr. B
Stress value at test ST 70 oF 20,000 psi
Stress value at design S 20,000 psi


Pressures 345.4
Example Problem 2. Calculate the same piping system
with a much more elevated temperature by design.
Stress value at test ST 70 o F 20,000 psi
Stress value at design S 13,000 psi
20,000
P = 1.5 x 750 x
T  1730 psi
13,000

Pressure Tests
One last caution from B31.3 345.4.2 (b)

The value of ST /S shall not exceed 6.5:
Example: A 106 Gr. B at a design temperature of 1000 oF

would yield a value of ST /S that is 20,000/2,500 = 8.0.
This would require the picking of a lower stress at design
in order to lower the stress during test to the maximum
ratio of 6.5 to 1.
PT = 1.5 x 750 x 6.5 = 7312.5 psi


Pressures 345.4
Pneumatic Leak Test
Pressure Relief Device. A pressure relief device shall be
provided, having a set pressure not higher than the test
pressure plus the lesser of (50 psi) or 10% of the test
pressure.
Test Fluid. The gas used as test fluid, if not air shall be
nonflammable and nontoxic.
The provisions of paragraph 345.4.3 do not affect the
pressure test requirements of any applicable vessel code.
Test Pressure. The test pressure shall be 110% of design
pressure.


Pressures 345.4
Pneumatic Leak Test
The rules for allowing pneumatic tests are restrictive and only
permit its substitution for hydrostatic testing in certain
instances. There are no provisions for increasing pneumatic
test pressures by the ratio of ST /S. This ratio could bring
about, in some instances, very high pneumatic test pressures.
Please refer to B31.3 Code Interpretation number 12-02 dated
June 7, 1993 File B31-92-074. Basically the decision and
liability for increasing the pneumatic test pressure above the
listed 110% of design pressure is placed on the Owner-User by
the B31.3 Code. The following two examples meet the B31.3
Code minimum.

Pressures 345.4
Pneumatic Leak Test
Example Problem 1. Calculate the minimum test gage pressure
( PT ) for the following piping system pneumatic test:
Piping material A 106 Gr. B
Stress value at test ST 70 o F = 20,000 psi
Stress value at design S = 20,000 psi
1.10 x 750 = 825 psi


Pressures 345.4
Pneumatic Leak Test
Example Problem 2. Calculate the same piping system with a
much more elevated temperature by design.
Design temperature 750 oF
Stress value at test ST 70 oF = 20,000 psi
Stress value at design S = 13,000 psi
1.10 x 750 = 825 psi
The point is there is no calculation of the ratio of stresses

required for a pneumatic test in B31.3

Pressures 345.4
Hydrostatic-Pneumatic Leak Test
If a combination hydrostatic-pneumatic leak test is used,
the requirements of paragraph. 345.5 shall be met, and
the pressure in the liquid filled part of the piping shall not
exceed the limits stated in paragraph. 345.4.2.
Initial Service Leak Test

This test is applicable only to piping in Category D Fluid
Service, at the owner's option. See paragraph 345.1(a).


Pressures 345.4
Test Fluid. The test fluid is the service fluid.
Procedure
During or prior to initial operation, the pressure shall be

gradually increased in steps until the operating pressure is
reached, holding the pressure at each step long enough to
equalize piping strains. A preliminary check shall be made
as described in para. 345.5.5 if the service fluid is a gas
or vapor.


Pressures 345.4
Hydrostatic-Pneumatic Leak Test
Examination for Leaks
In lieu of paragraph 345.2.2(a), it is permissible to omit

examination for leakage of any joints and connections
previously tested in accordance with this Code.


Pressures 345.4
Sensitive Leak Test 345.8
The test shall be in accordance with the Gas and Bubble

Test method specified in the BPV Code, Section V, Article
10, or by another method demonstrated to have equal
sensitivity. Sensitivity of the test shall be not less than 10-3
Atm. ml/sec under test conditions.
The test pressure shall be at least the lesser of 105 kPa
(15 psi) gage, or 25% of the design pressure.


Pressures 345.4
Sensitive Leak Test
The pressure shall be gradually increased until a gage

pressure the lesser of one-half the test pressure or 170
kPa (25 psi) is attained, at which time a preliminary check
shall be made. Then the pressure shall be gradually
increased in steps until the test pressure is reached, the
pressure being held long enough at each step to equalize
piping strains.

Impact &amp; Pressure Tests

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API 570: PIPING INSPECTION CODE: Inspection,

Repair, Alteration & Rerating of Inservice Piping

Section 4 Haward Technology Middle East 1

* If temperature – thickness combination falls on or above the

13- Value of one specimen is less than minimum for one

After retest, all specimen must have value > = Average

API 570 Pressure Testing

API 570 directs that all pressure tests shall be in

Pressure tests shall be performed in accordance with the

Section 4 Haward Technology Middle East 6

ASME B31.3 Calculation of Test

ASME B31.3 Calculation of Test

Section 4 Haward Technology Middle East 8

ASME B31.3 Calculation of Test

Design gage pressure 750 psig

Section 4 Haward Technology Middle East 9

ASME B31.3 Calculation of Test

Section 4 Haward Technology Middle East 10

One last caution from B31.3 345.4.2 (b)

Example: A 106 Gr. B at a design temperature of 1000 oF

PT = 1.5 x 750 x 6.5 = 7312.5 psi

Section 4 Haward Technology Middle East 11

ASME B31.3 Calculation of Test

Section 4 Haward Technology Middle East 13

ASME B31.3 Calculation of Test

ASME B31.3 Calculation of Test

1.10 x 750 = 825 psi

ASME B31.3 Calculation of Test

1.10 x 750 = 825 psi

The point is there is no calculation of the ratio of stresses

ASME B31.3 Calculation of Test

Initial Service Leak Test

Section 4 Haward Technology Middle East 17

ASME B31.3 Calculation of Test

During or prior to initial operation, the pressure shall be

Section 4 Haward Technology Middle East 18

ASME B31.3 Calculation of Test

Examination for Leaks

In lieu of paragraph 345.2.2(a), it is permissible to omit

Section 4 Haward Technology Middle East 19

ASME B31.3 Calculation of Test

The test shall be in accordance with the Gas and Bubble

Section 4 Haward Technology Middle East 20

ASME B31.3 Calculation of Test

The pressure shall be gradually increased until a gage

Section 4 Haward Technology Middle East 21

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Impact & Pressure Tests

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