Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Exposed
The Correct
Classification
Not Exposed
Observation Bias (Information Bias)
Biased measure of association due to incorrect categorization.
Diseased Not Diseased
Exposed
Errors in
Classification
Not Exposed
Misclassification Bias
Subjects are misclassified with respect to their risk factor
status or their outcome, i.e., errors in classification.
“Null” means
no difference
Relative Risk
Differential
Misclassification
Errors
Interviewer
Example: (The same case-control study on birth defects.)
The interviewer believes that SSRIs are a cause of heart
defects. Subconsciously, he probes harder when
interviewing the mothers of the children with defects.
“Are you sure you didn’t take any SSRIs? Perhaps you
borrowed some from a friend.”
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Can also occur when reviewing records (e.g., the
incidental appendectomy study.