CHAPTER 6

 Different things to different people

 Totality of features and characteristics of a product / service that
bears on it’s ability to satisfy stated/implied needs.
 Quality to most people , seems to mean “high quality”
POV
INDIVIDUAL
- What most of
us usually want
is the best
quality we can
get for the
MONEY WE
ARE WILLING
TO SPEND.
World’s Biggest Merchandiser
- He tries to make best product he can for the PRICE HE
CAN GET
Method of checking
manufacturing operations to
determine how well these
operations adhere to blueprint
specifications on dimensions ,
tolerances, surface finish and
the life as well as processing ,
testing and manufacturing.
Quality control in production
involves not only the finished
product but also the whole
production process.
Development of the correct
part for the conditions to
which that part will be
subjected.
4 phases of Reliability
program

1. Design
2. Testing
3. Production
4. Services
INSPECTION
AND
TESTING
INSPECTION
• A primary quality
control
implementation
activity on a day
to day basis.
• Objective –
prevention not
remedy.
TESTING
• Specific kind of
inspection
 Methods of Checking product quality in
Manufacturing
INSPECTION TESTING
1.Visual 1.Quantified
2. Judgmental
3.Broad 2.Specific

4.Tasting 3.Involves physical and

chemical properties
5.Deals with properties 4.Deals with properties
termed as attributes. termed variables.
TYPES OF
MATERIALS
CHECKED FOR
QUALITY IN
MANUFACTURING
Raw or purchased
materials
Work – in – process
Finished products

*ISO Certification
 INSPECTING PURCHASED ITEMS
As a rule: ALL
purchased items
should be
inspected to see
that they are of the
right kind and
quantity & so that
damaged or
unsatisfactory
items can be
returned to the
supplier & new
ones obtained
quickly.
INSPECTING WORK IN PROCESS
•Final inspection of the
product should probably
be done by an
independent inspection
department which does
not report to production
supervisors.
•Often includes a
PERFORMANCE TEST.
 PRACTICAL STAGES IN MANUFACTURING AT
WHICH IT IS BEST TO CHECK QUALITY
(When to inspect?)
After a critical operation
Before a costly operation
Before operations that will cover up defects
Before assembly operations
Before storage
 PRACTICAL STAGES IN MANUFACTURING AT
WHICH IT IS BEST TO CHECK QUALITY
(When to inspect?)
Before operations that covers faulty materials/products
Inspect finished parts/components
Inspect & test finished products
Inspect first & last pieces of items on automatic &
semi-automatic machines
Sell them as METHODS OF DISPOSING REJECTED
“SECONDS” MATERIALS
Salvage by reworking
or reblending
Non – critical qualities
are defective
Downgrade
“Work Away”
Dishonest method
Combine with good
quality ones, a little at a
time
How many samples to check?
Will depend on economic
balance between:
a. Cost of testing VS. Risks
involved in taking less
samples than necessary
*Probability Analysis –
should be done only by
sampling
 Where to inspect?
 Floor inspection/At
the job

 Central inspection
 REDUCING INSPECTION ACTIVITY
Repetitive manual jobs can be mechanized

Know a part’s exact size but only that it is between two limits
& not beyond
PROCESS CONTROL - Building machines which
check their own work

SELECTIVE INSPECTION – sorting inspected parts by

size so that over & undersize parts can be matched
Online & Online-Real Time Quality
Management
 Online-Real Time
• means that operation is connected at all times to a
central computer or has satellite or distributed mini computers
located at several key operations which are tide to the central
controlling computer.
 Basic
Quality
Processes
1. Quality Planning
2. Control
3. Improvement
Practical Approaches Re-Quality Systems
1. People Implementing and monitoring the
Basic Quality Systems (BQS) may not be
reliable.
2. Fads
3. Do not be “fashion managers”
-is a participatory
management
technique that
enlists the help of
employees in
solving problems
related to their
own jobs.
1. Small Group
2. Same working
unit or working
area
3. Voluntarily
identify and
solve problems
4. Area of
responsibility
 ISO 9000
This refers to a
series of quality
management
and assurance
standards which
define the
elements
needed to
achieve a quality
system.
 Quality Systems on Services
“New Methodologies, Systems Key to Improve RP Education”

Lack of classrooms
Lack of facilities
Lack of teachers
Lack of faculty development program
Inadequate pay for teachers and other educational personnel
According to Henry
Tenedero (President
of CLTS)
“The poor quality
of education in the
country goes beyond
these shortcomings”
Improving it lies on
heavily on
constructing new
methodologies, tools
and systems that can
lead to a holistic
learning.
 Total quality
management
(TQM)
-consists of
organization-wide
efforts to "install and
make permanent
climate where
employees
continuously
improve their ability
to provide on
demand products
and services that
customers will find
of particular value.
 TQM IN
SERVICE
W. EDWARD
DEMING
 WALTER
SHEWART
 KAIZEN
(改善) - is the
Japanese word for
"improvement". In
business, kaizen ref
ers to activities that
continuously
improve all functions
and involve all
employees from the
CEO to the
assembly line
workers
 PDCA
PROCESS
SIX SIGMA
- is a disciplined,
statistical-based,
data-driven
approach and
continuous
improvement
methodology for
eliminating defects
in a product,
process or service.
SIX SIGMA
IMPROVEMENT
MODEL
(DMAIC)
Defines
Measures
Analyze
Improves
Controls
 EMPLOYEE
EMPOWERMENT
BENCHMARKING
-is the practice of
comparing
business
processes
and performance
metrics to industry
bests and best
practices from
other companies.
Dimensions
typically measured
are quality, time
and cost.
 JIT
PRODUCTION
SYSTEM
 TAGUCHI
METHOD
 are statistical methods,
or sometimes called
robust design
methods, developed by
Genichi Taguchi to
improve the quality of
manufactured goods,
and more recently also
applied to engineering,
biotechnology,
marketing and
advertising.
KNOWLEDGE
OF TQM
TOOLS
Check Sheets
Scatter diagrams
Cause and Effect
relationship
Pareto Charts
Flow Chart
Histogram
Statistical Process
Control
 IV –CMA
Bonador Mary Ann Diaz , Jessa
Endaya , Marla Oñas, Karla Andrea