What is transistor?

 The transistor is the primary building block of all

microchips, including your CPU, and is what creates
the binary 0's and 1's (bits) your computer uses to
communicate and deal with Boolean logic.
History of Transistor
 Developed by John Bardeen, Walter Brattain,
and William Shockley at the Bell Laboratories on
December 23, 1947.
Composition of Transistor
 Transistor is made up of semi-conductors and is a
component used to control the amount
of current or voltage or used for
amplification/modulation or switching of an
electronic signal.
 A semiconductor is a material such as germanium
and silicon.
Composition ….
 base-
(electronics) the part of a transistor that separates the
emitter from the collector
 collector -
the electrode in a transistor through which a primary f
low of carriers leaves
the region between the electrodes
 emitter -
the electrode in a transistor where electrons originate
Types of Transistor
Types :
 Transistor is the proper arrangement of different
semiconductor materials. General semiconductor
materials used for transistor are silicon, germanium,
and gallium-arsenide. Basically the transistors are
classified depending on their structure
BJT
 Bipolar Junction Transistors are transistors which are
made up of 3 regions, the base, the collector, and the
emitter. Bipolar Junction transistors, unlike FET
transistors, are current-controlled devices. A small
current entering in the base region of the transistor
causes a much larger current flow from the emitter to
the collector region.
FET
 Field Effect Transistors are transistors which are made
up of 3 regions, a gate, a source, and a drain. Unlike
bipolar transistors, FETs are voltage-controlled
devices. A voltage placed at the gate controls current
flow from the source to the drain of the transistor.
Application of Transistor.
 A transistor can be used to amplify current. This is
because a small change in base current causes a large
change in collector current. Example is a microphone
 Sound waves that are fed into the microphone cause
the diaphragm in the microphone to vibrate.
What is IC?
 Integrated Circuits .

1. An integrated circuit (IC) consists of transistors,

resistors, diodes and capacitors combined together in
one wafer-thin chip of silicon.
2. This is one wafer-thin chip is called a microchip.
3. The microchip is only a few millimeters square with
a thickness of 0.5 mm.
Advantage of IC
Consumes a small amount of electrical energy.
b. Very little heat is generated.
c. Occupies a small space which reduces the size of
circuits.
d. Can be built at low cost.