A SEMINAR ON

VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF
BALL BEARINGS

Guide, Presented by,

TONY VARGHESE Arun Thomas
Asst. Professor ROLL:NO:32
CONTENTS:
• Introduction
• Bearings
• Types Of Bearings
• Function of bearings
• Parts of bearing
• Vibration Anlysis
• Vibration Anlysis Method
• EMD Method
• Vibration Analysis of Rolling Element Bearings Defects
• VIBRATION ANALYSIS APPLICATION
• CONCLUSION
• Reference
INTRODUCTION:
• Rolling bearings are among the most important parts of
vehicles, work machines
• a defect in such a bearing would cause malfunction
• a lot of work has been done on vibration analysis of ball
bearings.
• Generally, the work may be categorized as
• time-domain approaches, frequency-domain approaches
and time–frequency analysis
BEARINGS:
• Machine element that constrains relative movement to the
desired motion
• Reduces friction betweeen moving parts
• Lubrication is used to reduce friction
• Reduces friction by virtue of its shape,by its material
TYPES OF BEARINGS:
• PLAIN BEARING: shaft rotating in a hole
• ROLLING ELEMENT BEARING:rolling element placed
between the turning and stationary races
• JEWEL BEARING:one of the bearing surface is made of
an ultra hard jewel material
• FLUID BEARING: a non contact bearing in which load is
supported by a magnetic field
• MAGNETIC BEARING:load is supported by a magnetic
field
• FLEXURE BEARING:motion is supported by a load
element which bends
FUNCTIONS OF BEARINGS
• Provides stability and frictionless motion to a rotating shaft
• Hold and guide to the shaft
• Smooth and free motion to save power
PARTS OF BEARINGS
• Inner Race: structure of
the bearing that the balls
rotate
• Balls:bearing spins
• Cage:act as a holder to
seperste the balls resting
within the inner and outer
races
• Outer Race:outer ring of
the bearing
VIBRATION ANALYSIS
• a technique used to
identify and predict
mechanical anomalies in
industrial machinery
• by measuring the vibration
and identifying the
frequencies involved
• vibration is recorded by
an accelerometer and the
data is processed by a
spectrum analyzer
VIBRATION ANALYSIS METHODS
• VERY HIGH FREQUENCY:
• ultra sound and stress testing
• shock pulse,spike energy
• HIGH ENERGY
• eveloping and amplitude demodulation
• acceleration spectrum
• MID LOW FREQUENCY
• velocity spectrum
• time waveform analysis
EMD METHOD
• EMD method is to decompose the original signal into
some different IMF components
• the number of extrema and the number of zero-crossings
must either be equal or differ at most by one.
• At any point, the mean value of the envelope defined by
local maxima and the envelope defined by the local
minima is zero
Vibration Analysis of Rolling Element
Bearings Defects
• Defects in the REB produce a series of impacts which
repeat periodically at a rate known as the bearing
frequencies
• Defects in the REB produce a series of impacts which
repeat periodically at a rate known as the bearing
frequencies
• defects occurring in the REB can be as classified asouter
raceway defect, inner raceway defect, ball defect.
 Dynamic response of a normal (no defect)
bearing system

• Fig {a} - Y-direction acceleration response of a normal

bearing system
• Fig {b}-frequency spectrum
Vibration response of normal bearing

• the response frequencies that may affect bearing life is in

the low-frequency range and are usually less than 500 Hz
• One of the peak frequencies is at about 102 Hz
• peak responses are also observed at the harmonics that
are multiples of this ball passing outer race frequency.
Dynamic response of the bearing with
defect
Vibration response of abnormal bearing
• The acceleration response of the defective bearing
system is much higher than that of the normal bearing
system
• frequency spectrum also reveals a peak at 102 Hz
• when the ball passes over the defect, the shape of the
acceleration response is different between the three
functions
Application in vibration analysis of ball
bearings
Normal bearing:
• the vibration signal is complex and
nonlinear due to the compliance
vibration and the effect of lubrication
• vibrations mainly come from the
varying compliance of the structure,
internal excitations and external
disturbance
• frequency of
• natural vibrations is high
• DEFECT BEARING
• When a defect in one surface of a bearing strikes
a mating surface under load (axial load), an
impulse is produced, which excites resonances
in the bearing system
• the impulse is produced periodically.
• the impacts produced by the defect can be
modeled as an infinite series of impulses of
equal amplitude,
VIBRATION ANALYSIS APPLICATION

Detect issues causing failure:

• poor lubrication
• fluting
• cocked bearing
• skidding and sliding
DETECT FAULTS THAT RESULT IN BEARING DAMAGE
• unbalance
• misalignment
• loosness
• resonance
 CONCLUSION
The purpose of vibration analyis of bearing is to determine:
• occurence and cause of oscillations
• the possibility of eliminating their occurence to ensure life
expectancy
• to maximise the reliability of the machine in operation
• different varient of damage
• the amplitude sensitivity
REFERENCES
 Peter Sulka,Alzbeta Sapietova,Ondrej Stalmach.Vibration analysis and comparison of
damaged and undamaged rolling ball bearing.
 H.Saruhan,S.Sardemir,I UYGUR.Vibration analysis of rolling element bearings defect
 Qiuhua Du,Shunian Yang.Apllication of the EMD method in the vibration analysis of ball
bearings
 Jing Liu,Yimin Shao,Tiek C.Lim.Vibration analysis of ball bearings with a localized defect
applying piecewise response function
THANK YOU