SOCIOLOGICAL, ECONOMIC,

AND CULTURAL PERSPECTIVES

IN READING LITERATURE USING
THE SOCIOCULTURAL CONTEXT
MARXIST PERSPECTIVE

“Literature shows class

struggle and materia-
Lism.”
It looks into how text serves as
a propaganda material.
MARXIST PERSPECTIVE

What is a
propaganda?
-dissemination of information-
facts, arguments, rumors, half-
truths, or lies- to influence
public opinion.
MARXIST PERSPECTIVE
-examines oppressions,
social conflicts, and
solution to these
struggles as shown in
the literary work
C:\Users\User\Desktop\lit\The Marxist Lens -Hunger
Games, Shark Tale, Toy Story 3 -.mp4
FEMINISM
-Examines the
role of the
women in the
Literature.
-it looks into how the female
character may be empowered or
discriminated against.
FEMINISM

1st wave: lit\A bite-sized guide to First Wave Feminism - all

about women 2018.mp4
2nd wave: lit\A bite-sized guide to Second Wave Feminism - all
about women 2018.mp4
Applying Feminist Literary Criticism: lit\Feminist Literary
Criticism.mp4
QUEER THEORY
 QUEER THEORY
QUEER is an umbrella term for
sexual and gender minorities
who are not heterosexual or are
not cisgender (*a person whose
sense of personal identity and
gender corresponds with their
birth sex)
 QUEER THEORY
-is concerned with the third
gender
-this perspective was named in
1991
 QUEER THEORY
-Under this perspective, the
third gender, meaning gay,
lesbians, and other characters
or persona in literature that
may fall under queer are
being examined.
 POSTCOLONIALISM
• Deals with the literatures produced by
the people who once were colonies of
the European imperial powers (e.g.
Britain, France, and Spain)

• Looks into the changes in the attitudes

of post colonies after the colonial
period.
Examples of countries that were
colonized:
• Asia:
1. India - Britain, Portuguese, Dutch,
French - 17th century to Indian
Independence (1947).
2. Korea - Japan - Around 1910 to 1945.
3. Hong Kong - Britain - 1842 to 1997.
4. Philippines - Spain (1565-1898) and the
United States (1898-1946)
Examples of countries that were
colonized:
• South Pacific:
1. Australia - Britain, Dutch - 18th century
to 1901.
2. New Zealand - Britain - 1847 to self-
governing (1853) or dominion (1907).
Examples of countries that were
colonized:
• Africa:
All of Africa except Ethiopia and
Liberia was colonized by every
European colonial power
possible.
Examples of countries that were
colonized:
• North America:
1. Canada - Britain, France - mid 16th
century to Confederation (1867) or
the Canada Act (1982).
2. USA - Britain, France, Spain, Dutch,
Germany - mid 16th century to
American Independence (1776).
 POSTCOLONIALISM
• Deals with the literatures produced by
the people who once were colonies of
the European imperial powers (e.g.
Britain, France, and Spain)
• Looks into the changes in the attitudes
of post colonies after the colonial
period.
HISTORICISM OR THE
TRADITIONAL HISTORICAL
PERSPECTIVE
• the oldest and one of the most
widely-used critical approach
• Is a perspective dealing with the
history that influenced the
writing of the literature
HISTORICISM OR THE
TRADITIONAL HISTORICAL
PERSPECTIVE
• involves understanding the
events and experiences
surrounding the composition of
the work, especially the life of
the author, and using the
findings to interpret that work of
literature.
NEW HISTORICISM
The historical approach was somewhat
abandoned in the mid-twentieth century, in
the wake of “New Criticism.”

A school of thought in
which disregards the author to
focus on the work itself
NEW HISTORICISM
According to Lois Tyson, New Historical
critics consider literary texts to be
“cultural artifacts that can tell us
something about the interplay of
discourses, the web of social
meanings, operating in the time
and place in which the text was
written”
NEW HISTORICISM
The aim is not to represent
the past as it really was,
but rather to present a new
reality by resituating it.
NEW HISTORICISM
Add concluding slide here