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UNDERSTANDING GEOHAZARD

MAPS AND SPATIAL DATA

ARNOLD A. VILLANUEVA
Sr. Science Research Specialist/Geologist
MGB-IV B MIMAROPA

Training on the Formulation of Local


Climate Change Action Plan
Enhancing LGU Capacity on
Climate Change Adaptation
November 26 - 28, 2014
Great Eastern Hotel, Quezon City, Philippines
OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION

What a geohazard map is?


Rapid Geohazard Assessment and 10k Detailed Mapping
The procedures for creating geohazard maps and some of
the considerations for their development
Methodology
Google Earth-based Mapping
Geohazard Maps Appreciation
Landslide and Flooding Susceptibility Rating

Landslide and Flooding Susceptibility Maps


Province of Palawan
Province of Romblon

EXAMPLES OF 1OK GEOHAZARD MAPS

LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY CATEGORIES (Land use advice)


Hazards are defined as:
Events or physical conditions that have the potential to cause
fatalities, injuries, property damage, infrastructure damage, agricultural
loss, damage to the environment, interruption of business, or other types of
harm or loss (FEMA, 1997)
Geologic hazards - pertain to a naturally
occurring or man made
(Storm surge)
geological condition or Tsunami

phenomenon such as Inundation


(coastal)
surge

earthquakes, volcanic Flooding Earthquake


(inland)
eruptions, mass wasting, etc. Volcanoes Subsidence
Inundation

that presents a risk or is a (coastal)

Flooding
potential danger to life and Landslides (inland)

property .
Geohazard Maps - maps showing the location of areas prone to
geohazards like volcanoes, tsunami, landslide,
earthquake, ground subsidence and storm
surges
FUNCTIONS OF GEOLOGIC HAZARD MAP:

To know the phenomenon (what are the potential


geologic hazards) and to make it known to residents.

OBJECTIVES OF GEOLOGIC HAZARD MAP:

To provide residents with the information on the range of


possible damage and the disaster prevention activities. It is
important point to provide residents with understandable
clear information.
Background Information
GEOHAZARD MAPPING AND ASSESSMENT PROGRAM OF
MGB
• The Geohazard Mapping and Assessment Program is an
on-going priority program of the DENR, which is being
implemented by the Mines and Geosciences Bureau
(MGB).

• The main objective of the program is to identify areas in


the country which are susceptible to various geologic
hazards, or geohazards.

• The MGB, within the framework of its membership in the


NDRRMC, has been tasked to perform geohazard mapping
only in relation to rain-induced landslides and flooding.

• DENR-MGB has already completed the rapid assessment


and mapping of cities and municipalities nationwide at a
scale of 1:50,000 including the generation of 1:50,000
scale geohazard maps.
NAMRIA1:50,000 SCALE TOPOGRAPHIC MAP

• At 1:50,000 scale

• Used as the base map


50 K Geohazard Mapping
1:10,000 SCALE DETAILED GEOHAZARD MAPPING

• In 2011, DENR-MGB started its multi-year


program on the detailed mapping at a scale of
1:10,000 meters for those identified critical
areas particularly those that are frequented by
intense rainfall and typhoon.

• This detailed mapping program was


implemented to support DENR’s national project
on densification of geohazard and climate
change maps and was designed to produce
geohazard maps with scale of 1:10,000 meters.
RAPID 50k GEOHAZARD ASSESSMENT VS 10K DETAILED
GEOHAZARD ASSESSMENT

In rapid geohazard mapping, the maps are on a scale of 1:50,000


(1cm= 500m on the ground). Sitios are not clearly indicated and
users can only approximate their area.

Detailed geohazard mapping involves ocular assessment of each


sitio in the barangays, as compared to the rapid geohazard
mapping which uses the barangay proper as its point of
reference.

In detailed 10 k geohazard mapping, the completed


geohazard maps has a scale of 1:10,000 (1cm=100m on
the ground).
S C A L E (ISKALA)
Scale – the relationship between a distance on the map
and the true distance on the ground measured in the
same unit.

Small scale (e.g., 1:250,000)

vs.

large (e.g., 1:10,000)


SCALE MUNDO MAPA

1:10,000
1 mm. : 10,000 mm
1 mm. : 10 m.
1 cm. : 10,000 cm. 10 m. sa lupa 1 mm. sa mapa
1 cm. : 100 m.

1:50,000
1 mm. : 50,000 mm.
1 mm. : 50 m.
50 m. sa lupa 1 mm. sa mapa
ON-GOING PROJECT : 10 K DETAILED GEOHAZARD
MAPPING
 Landslide and flood susceptibility maps are generated
through Processing of GIS-based remote sensing and field
data (barangay to sitio level)
 Provision of updated geohazard maps, landslide/flood
threat advisory and assessment report
 Geohazards maps : Municipal scale indicating names
of sitios high risk to landslide/flooding
 Threat advisory – given to barangay officials
 Assessment Report – serve as exit report containing
lists of barangays and sitios prone to landslide and
flooding hazards
GOOGLE EARTH-BASED MAPPING

1. Assessment of river/stream conditions


using google earth satellite images

2. Interpretation of geomorphological
features using google earth satellite
images
120°46'0"E 120°47'0"E 120°48'0"E 120°49'0"E 120°50'0"E
12°59'0"N

12°59'0"N
12°58'0"N

12°58'0"N
12°57'0"N

12°57'0"N
120°46'0"E 120°47'0"E 120°48'0"E 120°49'0"E 120°50'0"E
120°46'0"E 120°47'0"E 120°48'0"E 120°49'0"E 120°50'0"E
12°59'0"N

12°59'0"N
12°58'0"N

12°58'0"N
12°57'0"N

12°57'0"N
120°46'0"E 120°47'0"E 120°48'0"E 120°49'0"E 120°50'0"E
Flood/Landslide
Threat Advisory
Form
RESULTS OF THE MGB’s GEOHAZARD MAPPING (1:10,000 SCALE) AND ASSESSMENT
IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF SAN JOSE, PROVINCE OF OCCIDENTAL MINDORO

Results of Flood Hazard Mapping

Table 1. Results of Flooding Hazard Assessment in Barangay Labangan


Flooding
LOCATION
Susceptibility Remarks
(Purok/Sitio)
Rating
1 Bukidzon High Incidents of widespread inundation in these areas are reported near the
meander bends and banks of Labangan River including its floodplain and
2 Poblacion Moderate adjacent lowland during period of heavy rainfall. This river flows
southerly and is situated east of Barangay Labangan proper.
3 Barrion Site Moderate The potential relocation site identified for residents living in flood prone
areas is Purok Mabini Extension.

Example of Field Mapping Report


Table 2. Results of Flooding Hazard Assessment in Barangay Magbay

Flooding
LOCATION
Susceptibility Remarks
(Purok/Sitio)
Rating
Purok 6 and 7 are situated near Magbay River which overflows during
1 Purok 2 High incessant rainfall events. Flooding in these areas is exacerbated when
floodwaters coming from the upstream section of Labangan River flows
2 Purok 7 Moderate toward the already swelling Magbay River.
The flooding at Purok 2, on the other hand, occurs when the lower
stream of Magbay River joins the downstream section of Labangan River
causing the floodwater to backflow towards the lowland of Purok 2
3 Purok 6 Moderate during extreme condition. Flood depth in this location reaches as high as
1 meter during continuous downpour.
The relatively elevated ground of Purok 5 is an ideal relocation site for
communities affected by flood inundation
Landslide Susceptibility Assessment:
• Aside from the classical criteria of slope angle,
slope weight and material type, factors such as
nearness to a fault, presence of roadcuts on
hillsides, degree of gully erosion or vegetative
cover, among others, are also taken into
consideration in susceptibility zonation.

• These factors are rated and used in the


determination of landslide susceptibility and
eventually in the generation of landslide
susceptibility maps.
LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILTIY PARAMETERS

LANDSLIDE LOW MODERATE HIGH VERY HIGH


SUSCEPTIBILITY

Parameters
A. Slope Gradient Low to Moderate to Steep to Steep to very
moderate steep (18° -35°) very > 35°) > 35°)
(<18°)
B. Weathering/Soil Slight to Moderate Intense:Soil Intense:Soil
Characteristics moderate usually usually
noncohesive noncohesive
C. Rock Mass Strength Very good to Fair Poor to very poor Poor to very poor
good

D. Ground Stability Stable with no Soil creep ad Inactive Active landsldies


identified other indications landslide evident; tension
landslide for possible evident; tension cracks, bulges
scars, either landslide cracks present terracets,seepage
old, recent or occurrence are present.
active present
E. Human Initiated effects May be an
aggravating factor
SLOPE GRADIENT
Ang Topographic Map ay basehang mapa na
nagpapakita ng:
Ang taas o tayog ng lupa ay inilalarawan ng mga guhit na kulay kayumangi na
tinatawag na contour

Elevation
Isinisimbulo ng numero na
nakasulat sa mga guhit,

Elevation = 930

Spot Height - tuktok


Elevation = 916
Ang Topographic Map ay basehang mapa na
nagpapakita ng:

Matarik na dalisdis (Steep


Slope, which are critical
slope)
-dikit-dikit na guhit

Banayad na dalisdis
(Gentle Slope)
-layo-layong pagitan ng
guhit
Papaano isinasalarawan ang mga bundok?

Foot
Peak Foot
Peak

Contour Lines
A topographic map shows the mountains, valleys, hills and the like; the
highs and lows of the terrain.With this map you can see how high
mountains and hills are on the map by reading the values written on a
map.
FIELD MAPPING
Weathering/Soil Characteristics, Rock Mass Strength and Ground
Stability/Landslide Mapping
Road Cut Failure (Debris
Fall) observed in
Poblacion, San Vicente,
Palawan
Debris flow observed in Barangay Napsan, Pto.
Princesa, Palawan
Soil Slip noted along the provincial road in Barangay
Punta Baja, Rizal, Palawan
Slumping observed in Barangay Bagong Bayan (one of the
coastal barangays in western Puerto Princesa City, Palawan

Slumping
direction
Rock Fall
along the
provincial road
in Barangays
Bagong
Bayan/Napsan,
Puerto
Princesa,
Palawan
Debris fall along the road in Bgy Napsan in Pto. Princesa
Slump along the road in Bgy. Bagong Bayan in Puerto
Princesa, Palawan
MGB-R4 Geologist conducting
landslide assessment in Brgy.
Bagong Bayan, Puerto Princesa
City, Palawan.

Mass Movement hazard mapping in Brgy. Balatero, Puerto Galera,


Oriental Mindoro
RAIN-INDUCED LANDSLIDE
HAZARD MAP

- na nagpapakita ng
lugar na maaaring
tamaan ng pagguho ng
lupa dulot ng matinding
pag-ulan
Flooding Susceptibility Assessment:

A similar procedure is adopted for flooding hazards


with focus on flood depths and frequency, extent of
inundation, size of river channels and river basins,
amount of water discharge and character of major
drainage conduits, among others.
The coastal barangay of Balatasan, Bulalacao, Oriental Mindoro is prone to coastal
flooding and storm surge reaching 1.5 meter. The left photo shows the damaged
houses caused by storm surge while the right photo shows a woman indicating the
height of coastal flooding due to storm surge.

Resident of Bry Wasig, Mansalay,


Oriental Mindoro shows the height of
floodwater inside her house.
FLOOD SUSCEPTIBILITY PARAMETERS
High flood Areas likely to experience flood heights of greater than 1.0 meter
susceptibility and/or flood duration of more than 3 days. These areas are
immediately flooded during heavy rains of several hours; include
landforms of topographic lows such as active river channels,
abandoned river channels and areas along river banks that are
prone to flashfloods.

Moderate Areas likely to experience flood heights of 0.5 to 1.0 meters and/or
flood flood duration of 1 to 3 days. These areas are subject to widespread
susceptibility inundation during prolonged and extensive heavy rainfall or
extreme weather condition. Fluvial terraces, alluvial fans, and
infilled valleys are areas moderately subjected to flooding.

Low flood Areas likely to experience flood heights of less than 0.5 meter
susceptibility and/or flood duration of less than 1 day. These areas include low
hills and gentle slopes. They also have sparse to moderate
drainage density.
FLOOD SUSCEPTIBILITY PARAMETERS
High flood Areas likely to experience flood heights of greater than 1.0 meter
High
susceptibility and/or flood duration of more than 3 days. These areas are
sheet flooding depth
(> 1 m) immediately flooded during heavy rains of several hours; include
landforms of topographic lows such as active river channels,
abandoned river channels and areas along river banks that are
prone to flashfloods.

Moderate Areas likely to experience flood heights of 0.5 to 1.0 meters and/or
flood flood duration of 1 to 3 days. These areas are subject to widespread
susceptibility inundation during prolonged and extensive heavy rainfall or
extreme weather condition. Fluvial terraces, alluvial fans, and
Moderate
(0.5 – 1 m) infilled valleys are areas moderately subjected to flooding.

Low flood Areas likely to experience flood heights of less than 0.5 meter
Low
susceptibility
(0 – 0.5 m)
and/or flood duration of less than 1 day. These areas include low
hills and gentle slopes. They also have sparse to moderate
drainage density.
GEOHAZARD MAPS
OCCIDENTAL
MINDORO
San Jose Santa Cruz

Abra de Ilog
RIZAL

LUBANG LOOC
CALINTAAN

MAMBURAO

PALUAN
SABLAYAN
GEOHAZARD MAPS
ORIENTAL MINDORO
PUERTO GALERA BACO

CALAPAN
SAN TEODORO
BONGABONG

MANSALAY
PINAMALAYAN

POLA ROXAS SOCORRO


VICTORIA BULALACAO
GEOHAZARD MAPS
PALAWAN
EXAMPLES OF 1OK
GEOHAZARD MAPS
LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY CATEGORIES
(Land use advice)
Very High to High Susceptibility -

The cost of carrying out standard geologic-


geotechnical investigations and
remedial/preventive work for slope stabilization
may be very high. Therefore, it is best to avoid
these slopes as far as possible except for the
most essential use. A thorough ground
investigation report by competent persons
should be required before any site development
is undertaken”
LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY CATEGORIES

Moderate Susceptibility

“The scale and nature of proposed development


should be taken into consideration in this area.
Development may proceed based on geologic-
geotechnical investigations and advice”
LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY CATEGORIES

Low Susceptibility

Site development to be guided by normal


planning and other building
regulations”
DISTRIBUTION OF 10K GEOHAZARD MAPS IN
MARINDUQUE
Thank you for
your attention !

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