Permutation

Let’s Prepare
Perform the following operations 5!
1. 8∙7∙6∙5∙4∙3∙2∙1 6.
2!3!
2. 5! 7!
7.
9! 7−4 !
3. 10!
5!
8.
4. 5−2 ! (10−4)!
8!
5. (3 − 3)! 9.
(8−5)!
6!
10.
(6−6)!

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Problem!
In how many ways can 4
different books be
arranged in a shelf?

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Wait there’s more!
In how many ways can 2
out of 4 different books
be arranged in a shelf?

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 “
If we choose r objects out of a set of n
objects and arrange them in aspecific
order, we obtain a permutation.

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Permutation
When arrangement matters!

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The Notation and The Formula
n!
nPr = n−r !

where r ≤ n and of course a nonnegative integer.

In some books permutation is written as
Pn
r P(n,r) nP
r

nPr

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Example 1
+ How many four –digit numbers can be formed
from the digits 1, 2, 3, and 4 if there can be no
repetition?

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Example 2
+ How many three –digit numbers can be formed
from the digits 1, 2, 3, and 4 if there can be no
repetition?

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Example 3
+ In how many ways can the first, second, and
third honors be selected in a class of 25
students?

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Example 4
+ In a school club, there are 5
possible choices for the president,
a secretary, a treasurer, and an
auditor. Assuming that each of
them is qualified for any of these
positions, in how many ways can
the four officers be elected??

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Example 4
+ A group of friends are about to
have their photographs taken by a
professional. How many ways can
they arranged themselves for the
picture-taking if the two are a
couple and therefore, must always
be together?

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Example 5
+ Given the four-letter word READ, how many
ways can we arrange the letters 3 at a time?

READ
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Example 6
+ Find the permutations of the letters of the
word EVEN. (Use the listing method first.)

EVEN
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Permutations with Identical Objects
n!
P=
n1 ∙ n2 ∙ … ∙ n !
k
where each factor of the denominator represents
the number of times that a distinct element of the
set appears.

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Example 7
+ How many distinguishable arrangements are
possible with the letters of the word ELLIPSES?

ELLIPSES
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Example 7
+ How many distinguishable permutations are
possible with the digits of the number 348 838?

348838
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CIRCULAR PERMUTATION

In how many ways can three people be seated

around a circular table?

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Circular Permutations
The permutation of n objects arranged in a
circle is
P = n−1 !

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Example 8
+ Find the number of ways that a family of 7 can
be seated around a circular table with 7 chairs.

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Example 9
+ A couple has 4
guests coming over
for dinner. If the
couple should be
seated together, how
many ways can they
be seated on the
round dining table?

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Your Turn! Let’s Apply
1. Suppose we 2. In how 3. Find the
have 6 potted many ways number of
plants and we can 5 people permutations
wish to arrange 4 arrange of the letters
of them in a row, themselves of the word
in how many for picture STATISTICS.
ways can this be taking?
done?

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Quiz!
Let’s Check Your Understanding

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Solve the following problems.
1. Aldrin and his friends cannot find enough seats
for all of them to sit together, so two of them
have to sit away from the rest of the group.
How many possible arrangements are there
for the three people who will sit together?

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Solve the following problems.
2. In how many ways can the letters of the word
MATHEMATICS be arranged?
3. In how many different ways can 12 people
occupy the 12 seats in a front row of a mini-
theater?
4. How many different ways can 5 bicycles be
parked if there are 7 available parking spaces?

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Solve the following problems.
5. In a certain general assembly, three major
prizes are at stake. In how many ways can the
first, second, and third prizes be drawn from a
box containing 60 names?

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 Assignment
1. Let’s Do More p. 299
2. Advance study on the next lesson about
Combination on p. 300.

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