Tire Mechanics

• Functions of Tire:
• Supports Vertical load (cushion for road shock)
• Develop longitudinal forces (Acceleration and Braking)
• Develop Lateral forces (Cornering, turning)

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Tire Mechanics
• Forces and moments acting on Tire:

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Tire Mechanics
• Vehicle and earth coordinate systems:

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Tire Mechanics

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Tire Mechanics

Aspect Ratio = Tire height/tire width

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Tire Mechanics

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Tire Mechanics

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Tire Mechanics

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Tire Mechanics

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Tire Mechanics

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Tire Mechanics

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Tire Mechanics

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Tire Mechanics

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Tire Mechanics

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Tire Mechanics

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Tire Mechanics
Hydroplaning

Dynamic Hydroplaning
Viscous Hydroplaning
Rubber Hydroplaning

Dynamic Hydroplaning Speed V= 16.66 𝑝

where V in Km/hr, p in psi

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Tire Mechanics - Elastomers

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Tire Mechanics - Elastomers

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Tire Mechanics - Elastomers
•VISCOELASTIC DEFORMATION
• Polymeric materials when subjected to a uni-axial force or a shear stress,
behave differently from perfectly elastic material or a Newtonian fluid.
• A perfectly elastic material on application of uni-axial force, follow Hook’s
law which states the induced stress is directly proportional to the
resultant strain. The proportionality constant is referred as elastic
modulus of the material.
• A Newtonian fluid on application of shear stress, deform continuously at
a strain rate proportional to the applied shear stress. The proportionality
constant is referred as viscosity of the fluid.
• Polymeric materials exhibit mechanical properties which are in between
these ideal cases and hence are termed viscoelastic

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 Tire Mechanics - Elastomers
•VISCOELASTIC DEFORMATION

• The most characteristic features of viscoelastic materials are that they exhibit
a time dependent strain response to a constant stress (creep) and a time
dependent stress response to a constant strain (relaxation).
• In addition when the applied stress is removed the materials have the ability
to recover slowly over a period of time.

• These effects can also be observed in metals but the difference is that in
plastics they occur at room temperature whereas in metals they only occur
at very high temperatures
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Tire Mechanics - Elastomers

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Tire Mechanics - Elastomers

Like the young’s modulus is different from storage modulus,

complex viscosity (η*) is different from dynamic viscosity (η).

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Tire Mechanics - Elastomers

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Tire Mechanics - Elastomers

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Tire Mechanics - Elastomers
The time-temperature superposition principle states that the time
response of a material at different temperature can be shifted in the
time scale by a shift factor aT if the underlying molecular motions for the
time response at different temperature share the same mechanism and
change in temperature only affects the corresponding response speed

WLF equation:

Arheneus equation:

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Tire Mechanics - Elastomers

Time Temperature Super

position:

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