OPERATIONS

OF
MATRICES
1. Matrix Multiplication
-matrix multiplication or matrix product is
a binary operation that produces a matrix from two
matrices with entries in a field, or, more generally, in
a ring or even a semiring. In order for mayrix
multiplication to work, the number of columns of the
left matrix MUST EQUAL to the number of rows of
the right matrix.
 2. Matrix Addition
- matrix addition is the operation of
adding two matrices by adding the
corresponding entries together. Both
matrices have the same number of rows and
columns (2 rows and 3 columns), so they
can be added and subtracted.
 3. Matrix Subtraction
-Matrix subtraction is like addition. Each element
of one matrix is subtracted from the corresponding element
of the other. If a scalar is subtracted from a matrix, the former
is subtracted from every element of the latter.
If A and B have the same number of rows and columns,
then:
A - B is defined as A + (-B).
Usually you think of this as:
To compute A - B, subtract the corresponding element
of B from each element of A.
 4. Other Element-by-element Operations

-Addition and subtraction of matrices

operate on an element-by-element basis. In some
cases it is desirable to perform multiplication,
division or exponentiation in the same manner. We
follow the MATLAB conventions, preceding the
relevant operator with a dot (period) to indicate
that such an element-by-element operation is
desired.
 5. Matrix Invertion
The key ingredient is the use of the inverse of a
matrix, to which we now turn.
First, a few preliminaries.
A square matrix has the same number of rows and
columns. An identity matrix is a square matrix with
ones on the diagonal from upper left to lower right and
zeros elsewhere.
Multiplication by the inverse of a matrix is like dividing by the matrix,
except this is strictly true only if the matrix is {1*1}.
6. Solving Simultaneous Linear Equations

Matrix inversion is often used to solve a set of

simultaneous linear equations.
7. Multiple operations
 8. Transpose of a Matrix
The transpose matrix Aᵀ is defined by the formula aᵀᵢⱼ
= aⱼᵢ. In other words, we obtain the transpose by
“flipping” the matrix through its diagonal. Note that
entries on the diagonal of the matrix are not affected by
the transpose operation. To transpose a matrix, we
swap the rows for the columns. To indicate that we are
transposing a
matrix, we add a “T” to the top right-hand corner of the
matrix.