Mathematics in the Modern World – UNIT 4

Correlation &
Simple Linear Regression

Mathematics & Physics Department

University of Santo Tomas

Prepared by:
Asst. Prof. Xandro Alexi A. Nieto
Correlation

To determine the direction and

magnitude of the linear relationship
between two quantitative variables,
X and Y.
Correlation
Correlation
Correlation
Correlation

To determine the direction and

magnitude of the linear relationship
between two quantitative variables,
X and Y.
Correlation

Pearson Product Moment Correlation

𝑛 σ 𝑥𝑦 − σ 𝑥 σ 𝑦
𝑟=
2 2 2 2
𝑛 σ𝑥 − σ𝑥 𝑛 σ𝑦 − σ𝑦
Correlation

Example: For the following data on heights and weights of 14

UAAP Basketball players, determine if heights and
weights are correlated.
Height, X Weight, Y
77 230
76 225
77 241
72 209
76 225
77 235
77 228
74 214
74 240
75 233
74 225
76 220
74 222
76 225
Sums: 1055 3172
 Correlation

Height, X Weight, Y X2 Y2 XY
77 230 5929 52900 17710 n σ xy − σ x σ y
76 225 5776 50625 17100 r=
2 2 2 2
77 241 5929 58081 18557 n σx − σx n σy − σy
72 209 5184 43681 15048
76 225 5776 50625 17100
77 235 5929 55225 18095 14 239135 − (1055)(3172)
r=
77 228 5929 51984 17556 [14 79533 − 1055 2 ][14 719740 − 3172 2 ]
74 214 5476 45796 15836
74 240 5476 57600 17760 r = 0.563
75 233 5625 54289 17475
74 225 5476 50625 16650
76 220 5776 48400 16720
74 222 5476 49284 =PEARSON(X,Y) or =CORREL(X,Y)
16428
76 225 5776 50625 17100
Sums: 1055 3172 79533 719740 239135

9
Simple Linear Regression

To determine the equation of the best-fit line

(least squares error)

10
Simple Linear Regression

To determine the equation of the best-fit line

(least squares error)

Equation of the best fit line: Y = a + bX

n σ xy − σ x σ y
b= 2
n x − σx
σ 2

σy σx
a= −b
n n
11
Simple Linear Regression

Example: For the following data on heights and weights of 14

UAAP Basketball players, determine the equation
of the best-fit line
Height, X Weight, Y
77 230
76 225
77 241
72 209
76 225
77 235
77 228
74 214
74 240
75 233
74 225
76 220
74 222
76 225
1055 3172

12
Simple Linear Regression
Height, X Weight, Y X2 Y2 XY
77 230 5929 52900 17710 n σ xy − σ x σ y
76 225 5776 50625 17100 b= 2
n σx − σx 2
77 241 5929 58081 18557
72 209 5184 43681 15048 14 239135 − (1055)(3172)
76 225 5776 50625 17100 b=
77 235 5929 55225 18095
14 79533 − 1055 2
77 228 5929 51984 17556 b = 3.272
74 214 5476 45796 15836
74 240 5476 57600 17760 =SLOPE(Y,X)
75 233 5625 54289 17475
σy σx
74 225 5476 50625 16650 a= −b
76 220 5776 48400 16720 n n
74 222 5476 49284 16428 3172 1055
76 225 5776 50625 17100 a= − (3.272)
1055 3172 79533 719740 239135
14 14
a = −20.02

=INTERCEPT(Y,X)
13

13
Simple Linear Regression

Equation of the best fit line:

Y = − 20.02 + 3.272X,

where Y is the weight (lbs)

and X is the height (inches)

14

14
Simple Linear Regression

Estimate the weight of a

player with
height of 71 inches.

Y = -20.02+3.272X
Y = -20.02 +3.272(71)
Y = 212.292
=FORECAST(x,Y,X)

15

15
EXERCISE
Given below are the arterial blood pressure (ABP; in mm Hg)
and body surface area (BSA; in sq m) of seven individuals.
The researcher wanted to determine if the arterial blood
pressure depends on the body surface area.
Body surface area Arterial Blood Pressure Using your scientific
1.92 106 calculator,
a) Compute for r.
1.98 114
b) Identify the simple
1.87 106 linear regression
1.90 113 equation.
c) Estimate the blood
1.75 105 pressure of a person
1.90 110 with 1.88 sq m.
body surface area.
2.07 114 16

16
EXERCISE
Given below are the arterial blood pressure (ABP; in mm Hg)
and body surface area (BSA; in sq m) of seven individuals.
The researcher wanted to determine if the arterial blood
pressure depends on the body surface area.
Body surface area Arterial Blood Pressure ANSWERS:
1.92 106
1.98 114 a) r = 0.764
b) ABP = 49.772 + 31.336*BSA
1.87 106 c) 108.68
1.90 113
1.75 105
1.90 110
2.07 114 17

17
END OF UNIT 4.4