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cancer
Kidney cancer
• Kidney cancer, also known as renal cancer, is a
group of cancers that starts in the kidney. Symptoms
may include blood in the urine, lump in the abdomen,
or back pain. Fever, weight loss, and tiredness may also
occur. Complications can include spread to the lungs or
brain.
Signs & Symptoms
The most common signs and symptoms of kidney cancer
are a mass in the abdomen and/or blood in the urine (or
hematuria). Other symptoms may include tiredness, loss
of appetite, weight loss, a high temperature and heavy
sweating, and persistent pain in the abdomen,
especially in the early stages of the disease.
Causes
• Factors that increase the risk of kidney cancer include
smoking, which can double the risk of the disease;
obesity; faulty genes; a family history of kidney cancer;
having kidney disease that needs dialysis; being
infected with hepatitis C; and previous treatment for
testicular cancer or cervical cancer.
• There are also other possible risk factors such as kidney
stones[11] and high blood pressure, which are being
investigated.Some studies have linked regular use of
NSAIDs such as ibuprofen and naproxen to increases of
kidney cancer risk by up to 51%.
Pathophysiology
• Kidney cancer originates in the kidney in two principal
locations: the renal tubule and the renal pelvis. Most
cancers in the renal tubule are renal cell carcinoma and
clear cell adenocarcinoma. Most cancers in the renal
pelvis are transitional cell carcinoma.
Diagnosis
• History and Physical examination
• Urine analysis for blood in the urine
• Urine cytology for Cancer cells in the urine
• Cbc for anemia, erythrocytosis or polycythemia, high blood calcium
level, High level of liver enzymes.
• Imaging test: X ray, Ct scan, mri, ultrasound, Intravenous
pyelogram (IVP), angiography,
• Biopsy: fine needle aspiration
Treatment