Instrument

Validity and
Reliability
•What is a research
population
•What are ways to determine
the sample size
•What are the different
sampling techniques
1.Do they intend to measure
what they intend to measure?
2.Will they yield consistent
scores?
1. To determine if the students
have learned how to dance
Caramba, the teacher gave
them a pen paper test.
2. The English teacher simulates
the TOEIC test by also giving
listening comprehension
component in her quarterly
exam.
3. The teacher let her students
speak because she wants to
determine their speaking skills.
4. The teacher gave the class a
grammar test because he wants
to know their writing skills.
5. The researchers want to know
the stress level of the
respondents. They included
statements about being happy in
their questionnaire.
6. The same test, when given
the second time around,
produced higher scores.
Processing Questions:
1. Why is it important to use an
instrument that will measure what it
intends to measure?
2. Why is important to have
consistency in the scores?
•tools used to gather
data for a particular
research topic
•refers to the degree to which an
instrument measures what it is
supposed to measure.
•it appears to measure the
variables being studied
•the degree to which an instrument
covers a representative sample (or
specific elements) of the variables
to be measured
•the degree to which an instrument
measures the variables being
studied as a whole
•when it is able to predict results
similar to those of a test already
validated in the past
•when it produces results similar to
those of another instrument that
will be employed in the future
•refers to the consistency of the
measures of an instrument.
•It is about the accuracy of the
measurement.
1. consistency among items in two IQ tests was computed a. construct validity
2. rater 1 and rater 2 graded the speaking performances in the b. content validity
same way
3. the IQ test covered verbal intelligence, mathematical ability, c. criterion validity
spatial reasoning skills, visual skills, classification skills, logical
reasoning skills, and pattern recognition skills
4. the IQ test has been proven to predict the writing skills of adult d. equivalent forms
learners reliability
5. a coefficient value of 0.87 was obtained between the first and e. face validity
second administration of the same IQ test
6. the IQ test was free from grammatical and typographical errors f. internal consistency
reliability
7. the speaking task involved an unplanned speaking performance g. interrater validity
8. versions a and b of the IQ test revealed at 0.91 coefficient value h. test-retest
reliability
Why are validity and reliability
important?
How can our lesson help you?
Assessment
Write Yes if the statement is
correct. Otherwise, write No!
1. Validity refers to the degree to which an
instrument measures what it is supposed to
measure.
2. Reliability refers to the consistency of the
measures of an instrument. It is about the
accuracy of the measurement.
3. Face validity is the degree to which an
instrument measures the variables being
studied as a whole
4. Equivalent forms validity is achieved by
administering an instrument twice to the same
group of participants and then computing the
consistency of scores
5. Inter-rater reliability measures the
consistency of scores assigned by two or more
raters on a certain set of results
Barrot, J. (2017). Practical research 2 for senior high school. Quezon
City: C&E Publishing, Inc.
Data Collection
Procedure
•What is instrument
validity
•What is instrument
reliability
Data Collection – actual
gathering of data
A. After doing so, the researcher proceeded to the data
gathering procedure.
B. A letter of approval to conduct the study addressed to the
Revenue District Officer was secured by the researcher
C. The questionnaires were then collected and the data were
readied for analysis and interpretation.
D. The questionnaires were distributed among the respondents
and they were guided by the researcher as they answered
the questionnaires.
E. The researcher gathered the respondents by batch in
accordance to their availability.
•Why is it important to
plan your data collection
procedure?
Assessment
Write Yes if the statement is
correct. Otherwise, write No!
1. Data collection is the actual gathering of
data in research.
2. Seeking the permission of the
authorities before gathering data is not
important.
3. The researchers must guide the
respondents as they answer the
questionnaire as much as possible.
4. In case of performance based tests as
instruments in a study, there is no need to
train the raters.
5. The researcher must secure the
confidentiality of the respondents.
Barrot, J. (2017). Practical research 2 for senior high school. Quezon
City: C&E Publishing, Inc.
QUANTITATIVE
DATA ANALYSIS
•What are the three
stages of data
collection procedure
involves the use of statistical
tests to address your research
questions or objectives
Purpose Parametric Non-parametric
Test the relationship Pearson’s r Phi-coefficient (nominal)
between two variables
Spearman’s rho (ordinal)
To test difference t-test for two dependent McNemar chang test
between two data sets samples (nominal)
from one group
Wilcoxon signed-rank
test (ordinal)
To test difference t-test for independent Tow-way chi-square
between two data sets samples
from two different Mann-Whitney U test
groups (ordinal)
1. You want to know if a banana-
based diet will help decrease the
weight of the 85 participants in your
study.
2. You are conducting a study on the
relationship between the gross
domestic product and research
output of Southeast Asian countries.
3. You would like to find out if there
is a significant variation among the
test scores of 20 students in
mathematics.
4. You would like to investigate the
difference in the amount of money
spent in cinemas by young adults in
Manila and Cagayan de Oro.
5. You are researching on the
differences between the opinions of
men and women on extrajudicial
killings.
Why is it important to
plan your data
analysis?
Assessment
Write Yes if the statement is
correct. Otherwise, write No!
1. In quantitative research, data analysis
involves the use of statistical tests to
address your research questions or
objectives
2. All scales of data use the same types of
tests.
3. Parametric tests are used for nominal
and ordinal data.
4. t-test for independence is used to test
difference between two data sets from
two different groups.
5. Non-parametric tests rest on a few or no
assumptions regarding the distribution of
the data
Barrot, J. (2017). Practical research 2 for senior high school. Quezon
City: C&E Publishing, Inc.