DISEÑO DE ESTRUCTURAS

METÁLICAS
Profesor:
M.Sc. Ing. Alfredo Manchego Meza

Octubre de 2019

PRINCIPIOS BÁSICOS DE
MODELAMIENTO NUMÉRICO

ELEMENTOS FINITOS
 THE IMPORTANCE OF KNOWING THEORY

“FE programs can be used even by those who do not Comparison between “exact” and FE solution
have knowledge of theory. This can lead to
consequences that vary from embarassing to
disastrous…”

(Cook, Malkus, Plesha e Witt 2002, Concepts and

applications of Finite Element Analysis, University of
Madison, Wisconsin)

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THE IMPORTANCE OF KNOWING THEORY

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THE IMPORTANCE OF KNOWING THEORY

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METHODS OF ANALYSIS

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 THE MODELING ISSUES

The problem is quite simple: for all structures, exept Question 1: Do I have choices of different models?
simple beams or columns, the solution to the problem is
not known in closed form.

Thus we need to “model” the structure using approximate

methods. Nowadays, the Finite Element method is the
most widely used modeling tool. However, there are
APPROXIMATIONS INVOLVED.

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 THE MODELING ISSUES

MODEL 1 Question 1: Do I have choices of different models?

A building is made of different structural elements Which one is better?

(beams, joints, infills, bracing, walls, etc.). In some
regions, beam theories apply, in others they do not.

Regions D (Discontinuity): sections do not remain plane

Regions B (Beam): sections remain plane

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 THE MODELING ISSUES

Question 3: Can I solve the model exactly? Question 3: Can I solve the model exactly?

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WHAT IS A FINITE ELEMENT?

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… SUMMARY

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THE FINITE ELEMENT CONCEPT

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 THE MODELING ISSUES

DEFINITION OF FE METHOD THE FINITE ELEMENT CONCEPT

 The FE method is a numerical method used to
solve engineering, mathematical and physical
problems
 It applies to any geometry, load and material
behavior where closed form solutions are not
available
Whatever happens inside the element depends on
the nodes only. The displacements inside the
element are computed as functions of the end
displacements. The problem unknowns are the
nodal displacements

 The concept is quite simple. The entire domain

is subdivided into sub-domains with simple
geometries. Each domain is a finite element or
simply element. Displacement fields are
assumed inside the element as functions of
nodal displacements

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 THE FINITE ELEMENT CONCEPT

Elements are assembled to form the structure THE MODELING PROCESS

The result is the element “mesh”

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FINITE ELEMENT TYPES

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THE FINITE ELEMENT CONCEPT

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THE FINITE ELEMENT CONCEPT

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DOFs FOR DIFFERENT LINE ELEMENTS

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DOFs FOR 2D AND 3D ELEMENTS

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THE FINITE ELEMENT CONCEPT

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THE FINITE ELEMENT CONCEPT

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THE FINITE ELEMENT CONCEPT

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 EJEMPLO DE DISEÑO DE TIJERAL

VISTA ELEVACIÓN FRONTAL

VISTA
LATERAL

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 EJEMPLO DE DISEÑO DE TIJERAL

1326 1326
S) BRIDA
IOR (B SUPER
SUPER IOR (B
BRIDA S)

D1
M1

BRIDA INFERIOR (BI) BRIDA INFERIOR (BI)

1310 1310

2621

ELEVACIÓN

DETALLE TIJERAL T-01

Escala 1:25

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 MODELO NÚMERICO EN SAP2000

CARGAS, FACTORES DE CARGA Y La resistencia requerida de la estructura y sus

COMBINACIÓN DE CARGAS elementos debe ser determinada para la adecuada
combinación crítica de cargas factorizadas. Para la
Las siguientes cargas nominales deben ser aplicación del método LRFD, las siguientes
consideradas: combinaciones deben ser investigadas:

D : Carga muerta. 1,4D (1.4-6)

L : Carga viva debida al mobiliario y ocupantes. 1,2D + 1,6L + 0,5(Lr ó R) (1.4-2)

Lr : Carga viva en las azoteas. 1,2D + 1,6(Lr ó S ó R) + (0,5L ó 0,8W) (1.4-3)

W: Carga de viento. 1,2D + 1,3W + 0,5L + 0,5(Lr ó S ó R) (1.4-4)

S : Carga de nieve. 1,2D ± 1,0E + 0,5L + 0,2S (1.4-5)

E : Carga de sismo según NTE E.030. 0,9D ± (1,3W ó 1,0E) (1.4-6)

R : Carga por lluvia o granizo.

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