VASCULAR TISSUE IN

PLANTS
GROUP 4:
- DINDA ANGGITA M.
- FEBIAN HAGANTA GIBRAN
- FEBY FETTI EIRENE BR SIAHAAN
 Vascular tissue is a complex conducting tissue,
formed of more than one cell type. The primary
components of vascular tissue are
the xylem and phloem. These two tissues
transport fluid and nutrients internally.
There are also two meristems associated with
vascular tissue: the vascular cambium and
the cork cambium. All the vascular tissues within
a particular plant together constitute the vascular
tissue system of that plant.
Vascular tissue used to transport water and
Vascular Tissue nutrients to great heights, able to feed the tops of
trees hundreds of feet high and products of
Definition photosynthesis to be transported throughout the
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xylem:
a vascular tissue in land plants primarily
responsible for the distribution of water
and minerals taken up by the roots; also
the primary component of wood.

phloem:
a vascular tissue in land plants primarily
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responsible for the distribution of sugars
and nutrients manufactured in the shoot TYPES OF
VASCULAR TISSUE
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Xylem is a specialized type of vascular
tissue created in vascular plants to
transport water and nutrients from the
roots of a plant to the tips of the leaves.
Every cell in the plant needs water and
minerals to survive, and complete
necessary reactions. The xylem is created
from hollow, dead cells. Water is
absorbed into the roots, which creates a Divider Slide Title
positive pressure on the water inside the
column. As water evaporates out of the
leaves, the process of transpiration pulls
XYLEM
water into the leaves. In this way, the
xylem serves as a straw, allowing water to
carry minerals upwards through the plant. Your Logo or Name Here 4
• Primary xylem is formed from prokambium.
• Primary xylem consists of tracheal, fiber and parenchyma
cells. Not arranged axially and radially because it does not
contain pith fingers.
• The primary xylem elements formed first are protoxilem,
then metaxilem.
• Secondary xylem is formed by cambium.

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Elemen Xilem
Tracheid
Tracheids function as a support and conductor of water.
Tracheids are composed of long, sharp cells in which the
cell walls have holes or pores. In addition, the cell wall
has a thicker layer than the trachea. Trachid walls have
pores that are useful for passing water and minerals to
the cells around them.

Trachea
The trachea is formed from cylindrical cells that die as
adults. At the end of the cell will unite to form a porous
tube that is useful as a conduit of water, this is called a
vessel. The size of the tracheal cells is larger but has a
thinner thickening than the tracheids. This thickening is
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due to the presence of lignin.
The xylem parenchyma

The parenchymal cells found in xylem have large

vacuoles so that they can be used as storage for
food reserves, sap, tannins and crystals. It generally
consists of living cells which we can find in the
primary xylem and secondary xylem.

Xylem fibers

The xylem fibers are composed of long cells with a

pointed tip. The xylem fibers in the cell wall also
contain lignin and pores that are narrower than the
tracheids. Your Logo or Name Here 7
 At the same time, the plant is
producing sugars via photosynthesis,
which must be transported downwards,
to the stem and root cells. Another
vascular tissue, the phloem, accounts for
this process. Unlike the xylem, this
vascular tissue is made up of living cells.
The so-called sieve cells are connected via
a thin membrane called the sieve plate.
Through this channel of phloem cells
sugar is transported throughout the plant. PHLOEM
Unlike water, sugar is thick and sappy. The
phloem requires inputs of water from the
xylem and specialized proteins to help
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quickly pass the sugars through the plant
 Formed by Prokambium

Primmary Phloem

According to its development,

phloem is divided into:

Secondary Phloem

Formed by cambium vessels

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 Primary Phloem

According to its growth consists of:

PROTOFLOEM METAFLOEM

In monocotyledonous plants (which

Which was originally formed, found
do not experience secondary
in plants that are still elongated, for
growth), meta phloem functions
example: shoots.
forever
In plants that experience secondary
Not functioning for long because it
growth will be replaced by
was pressed by secondary phloem
secondary phloem
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 Secondary Phloem
Cell Type Function

1. Filter elements
S • Filter cells (Gymnosperms) Flowing food ingredients
y • Components of filter vessels and
S introductory cells
T (Angiosprernae)
E
M Supporters and sometimes can be a
2. Sklerenkyma cell store of food reserves
AKSIAL
Storage and translocation of food
3. Parenkyma cell
S substances in the axial direction
y
S
T Storage and translocation of food
E 1. Parenkyma cell
substances in the radial direction
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RADIAL
Elemen floem

Sieve Plates

The Companion Cells

Parenchyma

Sclerenchyma

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 Filter Elements
 The filter element consists of a filter cell and a
filter reed component. In the filter element
there is a filter area on the wall.
 The filter area (filter area) is a hollow dot field
(pore) through which cytoplasmic threads
(plasmodesmata) connect two adjoining filter
elements.
 In the region of the connecting thread usually
surrounded by callosa is a beta glucan
compound 1,3 which is blue with aniline blue
dye.
 The filter cell wall is a primary and rarely lignin
wall.
 In adult tapis reed cells, more calluses are
buried in holes than young cells. Inactive filter
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cells are not found in callos.
 Filter Cell

 A filter cell is a long cell that has a pointed end in the tangential plane and is
rounded in the radial section. Lateral walls contain many porous filter areas. End
walls can have compound filter boards or simple filter boards.
 The components of the filter vessels are usually shorter than the filter cells.
 The filtering vessels are the end walls adjacent to the end walls of the cells below
or cells above it forming a series of elongated cells.
 The filter cell is usually longer than the filter reed component and has a very
sloping end wall (so that the surface becomes very broad and contains many filter
areas).

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 Companion Cells and Albumin Cells
 Companion cells play a role in the entry
and exit of material through the filter
vessel components.
 The nucleus and nucleus are relatively
large, contain plastids, numerous
mitochondria, and there is an endoplasmic
reticulum.
 Albumin cells are derived from filter cell
stem cells.
 Albumin cells are very responsive to
cytoplasmic dyes, and are derived from
phloem parenchyma cells or phloem radius
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cells.
 Parenchyma Cells and Sklerenkim Cells

• Phloem parenchyma that is not related to filter elements often contains ergastic materials such
as starch, tannins, and crystals.
• In the secondary phloem there is an upright phloem parenchyma and parenchyma of the pith
radius. Parenchymal cells are often associated with fibers or sclereids.
• Phloem fibers are often found in primary or secondary phloem. In the primary phloem in the
outer tissue portion, while in the secondary phloem the location of the fibers follows various
patterns.
• Living fibers can function in storing food reserves.
• Sclereid which is often found in phloem is derived from sclerification of parenchymal cells,
either in groups or alone.
• Sclerification is the process of changing into sclerenchyma by forming secondary walls.

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Type of Xylem and Phloem

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 Colateral

Closed Collateral

Closed collateral type is formed when

there is no cambium between xylem
and phloem, but parenchyma. Bikolateral

Bikolateral is a type of vascular

bundle where the xylem is flanked by
Open Collateral the outer phloem and the inner
phloem.
In this type between xylem and phloem
there is cambium, for example in
dicotyledonous plants and
gymnosperms. In the open collateral
type, cambium is the link between the
xylem and phloem.

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 Concentric
Amphicribral concentric

In this type the location of the xylem is in the

middle, and the phloem surrounds the xylem.
Generally found in plants of ferns (Pteridophyta)

Amphivasal concentric

In this type the location of the amphivasal phloem

is in the middle, while the xylem surrounds the
phloem. For example on Cirdyline sp. and Jeringau
rhizoma (Acorus calamus)
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 Radial
Radial type occurs when the xylem and phloem alternate according to the direction of the
radius of the circle. Examples are in primary dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plant
roots.

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The Differencies between Xylem and Phloem

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The Differencies between Dicot & Monocot Stem

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In dicotyledonous plants:

1. Transporter bundle are more organized.

2. At the root, do not have a central cylinder (stele) and are alternately, regularly.

3. In the stem, there is a cambium and collateral and concentric type

In Monocotyledonae plants :

1. Transporter bundle are more spreaded

2. At the root, have a central cylinder (stele) and regularly.

3. In the stem, there is not a cambium and spreaded type .

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 Anomali in Plants
Posisi kambium yang abnormal.
Aktivitas abnormal dari kambium yang normal

Pada Sarjania ichthyoctoma, kambium aslinya muncul

dalam beberapa pita yang terpisah, masing-masing
Pada Aristolochia (tumbuhan liana), beberapa segmen
mengelilingi bagian-bagian xilem dan floem primer, tipe
hanya menghasilkan sel-sel parenkima baik ke arah sisi
batang ini tampak terbentuk dari beberapa batang yang
luar maupun ke dalam sehingga dihasilkan parenkima
melebur.
seperti jejari. Xilem terlihat seperti bercelah. Your Logo or Name Here 28
 Pembentukan kambium asesoris dan aktivitasnya.
Floem diantara xilem

Pada tanaman Boerhavia sp, beberapa kambium muncul Pada Acorus sp, floem intersiler selalu sekunder dan
berturut-turut dengan arah sentrifugal. Timbul lingkaran- terdapat sebagai pulau-pulau yang tenggelam di dalam
lingkaran berkas vaskuler konsentris yang terbenam dalam xilem sekunder.
jaringan penghubung. Your Logo or Name Here 29
THANK YOU
Any Question?