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• Mortality measurements
• Morbidity measurements
Why we measure diseases?
1. To know the magnitude of the health
problems
2. To choose which one to start with
3. To plan for prevention
4. To evaluate the program
5. For comparison and international
classification
Measurement of the disease
• Ratio = X:Y i.e males to females
• Example: death rate in men with age 25-35 years and living in
Saudi arabia during 1982=
• Number of deaths in Saudi men, 25-35 y during 1982 X1000
Midyear population of Saudi men, 25-35 y1982
• The use of age and sex specific death rates can be used in
comparing mortality overtime in one place and to compare
mortality between different countries with different age and sex
composition.
• Age and death:
• But this does not mean that population B is at a higher risk of developing
cancer than population A. Actually, population B has less total deaths, i.e.,
it is healthier! compared to population A.
• In this situation, having less total deaths may account for the higher PMR
Child Health and Mortality Rates
Child Health and Mortality Rates
• Viability of the fetus is the point at which the
fetus can be supported to live outside his
mother’s uterus.
• This point depends upon the health facilities
available in the community.
• In Western communities, this point is the 20th
week of gestation, but internationally it is still
the 28th week.
• Before this point expulsion of a dead fetus is
called an abortion while after that point it is
called a still-birth.
1- Fetal death rate (Still Birth Rate)
= Number of fetal deaths x 1000
• Number of fetal deaths + live-births