Three-Dimensional Structure of proteins

Secondary Structure

• Struktur primer
menyebabkan sebagian
molekul protein membeng
kok membentuk spiral
(heliks) (Secondary
Structure).
1. Secondary structure
A. The peptide group
• The Ramachandran Diagram indicates allowed
conformations of polypeptides
B. Regular secondary structure :
• The α helix
• the β sheet
• Collagen – A Triple helix
Tertiary Structure

• Protein melipat
membentuk sesuatu yg
kompak (pdt),
dinamakan Tertiary
Structure
2. Tertiary structure
Side chain location and polarity
• Side chain location varies with polarity
Quaternary Structure

• Beberapa protein
berinteraksi
(bergabung) membentuk
Quaternary Structure
• Beberapa konformasi yg
terjadi, diakibatkan
oleh pembetukan
hydrogen or disulfide
bonds.
• Perubahan pH, suhu dpt
merusak ikatan hidrogen
dan ikatan disulfida
• Rusaknya ikatan tsb
berakibat protein
mengalami denaturing
3. Quaternary structure and symmetry
– Subunits usually associate noncovalently
– Subunits are symmetrically arranged
4. Protein stability
A. Forces that stabilize protein structure
• The Hydrophobic effect
• Electrostatic interactions
– Ion pair or salt bridge
– Chemical cross-links
C. Protein denaturation and renaturation
Proteins can be denatured by a variety of conditions and
substances :
– Heating
– pH variations
– Detergents
– The chaotropic agents
Denatured proteins can be renatured