 It is defined as open able barrier secured in a wall

opening.
 A door is provided to give an access to the inside of a
room of a building.
 It serves as a connecting link between the various
internal portion of a building.
 It consist of two parts
 Door frame
 Door shutter
 Frame: It is an assembly of horizontal and
vertical members, forming an enclosure to which
the shutters are fixed.
 Shutters : These are the open able parts of door
or window. It is assembly of panels styles and
rails.
 Head: This is the top or upper most horizontal
part of a frame
 Style or stile: style is the vertical outside member
of shutter of a door or window.
 Top rail: This is the top most horizontal member of a
shutter.
 Lock rail : This is the middle horizontal member of a
door shutter ,to which locking arrangement is fixed.
 Bottom Rail: This is the lowest horizontal member of a
shutter.
 Panel: This is the area of shutter enclosed between
adjacent rails.
 Mullion: This is a vertical member of a frame, which is
employed to sub divide a window or a door vertically
 The size of the door should be such that it would
allow the movement of largest object or tallest person
likely to use the door.
 The height of the door should not be less than 1.8-
.2.1m
 The following are the generally adopted sizes of
doors for various types of building
 External Door: (1.1x2.1m)to(1.2x2.1m).
 Internal Door:( 0.9x2.1m) to(1x2.1m) .
 Door for bathroom and water closets( 0.8x2.1m) to
(0.9x2.1m)
 Garages for car(2.25 heigthx2.25 width)m to
(2.25m height to 2.40m width).
 Public buildings such as school, hospitals,
libraries etc
 1.2x2.1m 1.2x2.25m
 The size of the door frame should be derived after
allowing a margin of 5mm all round. The height
of opening is considered from below the floor
finish to the ceiling of lintel

 The number of doors in a room should be minimum.
 The location of doors should meet the functional
requirements of the room.
 It should not be located in the centre of the length of a
wall.
 A door should preferably be located near the corner of a
room- nearly 20cm away from the corner.
 If there are two doors in a room, the doors should
preferably be located in opposite wall, facing each
other, so as to provide good ventilation and free air
circulation in the room.
 The size and number of windows should be
decided on the basis if important factors such as
distribution of light, control of ventilation and
privacy of the occupant.
 From the point of view of fresh air, a window
should be located on the northern side of a room
 A window should be located opposite wall, facing
a door or another window, so that cross
ventilation is achieved
 Types of doors are classified on the basis of
the following types depending upon
 Type of materials used
 Arrangements of different components of the
door
 Method of construction
 Nature of working operation.
 Battened and ledged Doors
 These doors consist of vertical
boards called battens, which are
nailed or screwed to the
horizontal members called
ledged. often the battens are15-
18cm wide and 2-3cm thick.
 Battened ledged and braced
doors:
 This is a ledged and battened
door ,in which additional
inclined(or diagonal) member
called races or braces added to
prevent sagging. the
braces,10cmto 15cm wide have
same thickness as ledged.
 Battened ledged and framed
doors: This is also an improved
form of simple battened and
ledged door, in which frame
work for the shutter is provided
in the form of two vertical
known as styles. Styles are
generally 10cm-15cm wide and
4cm thick
 Battened ledged braced and
framed doors: this door is the
modification over type above ,
with the additional braces,
provided diagonally between the
ledges, to increase its strength
,durability and appearance. This
door, thus consist of battens, two
vertically members,(styles),three
ledged, and two braces.
 Panelled door
 Glazed or sash door
 Flush door
 Louvered doors
 This type of door are widely used in almost all
types of building since they are strong and give
better appearance than batten doors.
 This door consist of a frame work of vertical
members(styles) and horizontal members rails
which are grooved along the inner edges of the
frame to receive the panels.
 The panels are made from timber, plywood,
black board etc. Panelled door consist of single
leaf or contain two leaf for wider opening
 They are provided where additional
light is required to be admitted to
the room through the door, or
where the visibility of the interior
of the room is required from the
adjacent room.
 Such doors are used in residential
as well as public buildings like
hospitals schools, colleges etc. The
doors may be fully glazed ,or they
are partly glazed and partly
panelled.
 These doors consist
of solid or semi solid
skeleton or core
covered on both the
sides with ply wood.
Flush doors cannot
be used where they
will be exposed to
rain and sun.

 louvered doors permit free ventilation
through them and at the same time
maintain the privacy of the room. these
are used in residential buildings .the
door may be partly louvered and partly
panelled or fully louvered. louvers may
be made of either timber or glass or
plywood ,louvers may be either fixed or
movable
 Based on working operations
 Revolving Door
 Sliding door
 Collapsible door
 Rolling steel shutter
 These are provided only at
public places to provide
entrance to one and exit
to the other. The vertical
members are support on
ball bearing at the
bottom, and has bush
bearing at the top, so it
rotates without jerk.
 A Sliding door is a type of
door which open horizontally
by sliding, whereby the door
is or suspended from a track
 Such Doors are used in
godowns, workshops, sheds.
The Doors neither requires
hinges for opening and
closing, any frame for
hanging them. It acts like a
steel curtain which can be
opened or closed by
horizontal push.
 These doors are
commonly used for
garages, godowns, shops
front show window etc,
door consist of many
horizontal slat hinged
together .the is raised to
open and lowered to close
it
 window is also a vented barrier secured in a
wall opening. The function of the window is to
admit light .
 Components of window
 Window Frame.
 Window shutter.
 Types of window are classified based
 The nature of operational movements of
shutter.
 Materials used for construction
 Manner of fixing and their location
 A window that cannot be opened,
whose function is limited to allowing
light to enter .this type of window is
used in situations where light or
vision alone is needed as no
ventilation is possible through fixed
window. The window consists of a
window frame to which shutters are
fixed. The shutters are fully glazed
 In these windows, the
shutters are allowed to
swing round the pivots
fixed to the window
frame. the shutter can be
swing or rotate either
horizontally or vertically.
 These windows are similar
to sliding doors. the shutter
move horizontally or
vertically on small roller
bearings.
 It is a vertical
window provided in
the gable end of a
pitched roof
 bay window project outside
the external wall of the room.
This projection may triangular,
circular or rectangular or
polygonal in plan such
windows are provided to get an
increased area of opening for
admitting greater light and air.
 A dormer window is a vertical
window provided on the
sloping roof. Such a window
provides ventilation and
lighting to the enclosed space
below the roof
 this is a special type of
window which is provided
in the corner of the roof.
This window has two faces
in two perpendicular
direction. Due to this, light
and air is admitted from two
directions
 A sash window is a type
window in which the panels
are fully glazed .
 The frame of each shutter
consist of two vertical styles,
top rail and a bottom rail.
 The space between the top
and bottom rails into small
panels by means of small
timber member placed
horizontally and vertically.
 These timber members known
as sash bars.

 Ventilators are small
windows fixed at a
greater height than the
window, generally about
30-50cm below roof
level. The ventilator has a
frame and a shutter
generally glazed, which is
horizontally pivoted.
 These types of hinges are
commonly used for fixing doors
and windows shutters to the
frame .
 The sizes of hinges vary from 50
mm long & 37 mm wide to 125
mm long & 75 mm wide.
 One flange of hinge is screwed
on to the edge of the shutter and
the other flange is screwed to the
rebate in the frame.
 For the normal size of a door
three hinges and for a window
two hinges are used for each
shutter.
 These hinges are
used where the
shutters are thin.
These are fixed to
the back side of the
shutter and the
frame.
 These type of hinge, also
known as T-shutter has a
long arm which is
screwed to the shutter,
and a short arm or plate
which is screwed to the
door frame. The hinge is
used for ledged and
battened door
 This is also used
for heavy door-
shutter. The centre
pin of the hinge
can be removed and
the two leaves or
straps of the hinges
can be fixed
separately to the
frame and the
shutter.
 It is a substitute of
garnet or t-hinge. It is
also used for ledged
and braced doors, for
heavy doors such as
for garrages, stables
gates etc.
 ALdrop: it is fixed on external
doors where pad lock to be used
 Barrel bolt:it is used for fixing
back faces of door.the socket is
fixed to the door frame while the
plate is screwed to the inside of
the shutter
 Eye and Hook
 This type of fitting is used for
keeping window shutter in
position when the window is
open. The hook is fixed to the
sill of the window
