HVAC IN HOTELS

DONE BY
SURABHI
SAJEED
THEJASEKO
SWEETY
MANOJ PRASANTH
 Why HVAC Systems Are Important To Hotels

 When it comes to comfort and the ability to keep maximum temperature control in
a room, nothing is going to be to having a heating and air conditioning system that
allows for individual thermostats from room to room
 Having an HVAC system not only allows for a centralized place to control air
conditioning during the summer and heating during the winter, but this also allows
each individual room and suite to control their own temperature. There is no such
thing as a perfect temperature that everybody views as comfortable.
 The right level of relative humidity during the heating season improves the well-
being of your guests. A relative humidity between 40 and 60% RH means a
comfortable indoor climate.
 During the winter heating season, the relative humidity is often below 30%.
 The reason: aerosols containing viruses remain airborne longer when humidity is
low, significantly increasing the risk of transmission, and a dry nose, throat and skin
mean the body’s natural resistance is reduced.
TEMPERATURE

 78 degrees Fahrenheit (25 degrees Celsius) when rooms are unoccupied, and the
system adjusts the temperature to 74 degrees Fahrenheit (23 degrees Celsius) only
when guests enter the room.
 HOTEL SYSTEM OPTION

 1. PTAC (Packaged Terminal Air Conditioner) – A single-unit (packaged system)

combination air-conditioner and heat pump.
 2. VTAC (Vertical Terminal Air Conditioner) – A compact through-the-wall packaged
system, capable of providing total heating and cooling functions for single zones or
multiple rooms.

 3. VRF (Variable Refrigerant Flow) – A single outdoor condensing unit connected to

many indoor units, like fan coil units at entry foyers or bathrooms. VRF Units can
simultaneously heat and cool different zones, by individually controlled refrigerant
flow to different evaporators.
Cooling & Heating

•In cooling mode, the VRF condenser pumps cold refrigerant to

each fan coil unit. The air passes over the coils and provides
guestroom cooling.
•In heating mode, the VRF condenser works as a heat pump
where the cooling cycle is reversed and the hot refrigerant is
sent to each fan coil unit. The air passes over the coils and
provides guestroom heat.
•Variable refrigerant flow systems with heat recovery can
operate simultaneously in heating and/or cooling mode,
enabling heat to be used rather than rejected as it would be in
traditional systems. In other words, heat can from taken out of
one room (i.e., cooling in room 1) and be provided to another
room (i.e., heating in room 2), without engaging the condenser.

Outside Air

•Fresh air is provided via a separated DOAS (Dedicated

Outside air system) and outside/dehumidified air is directly
ducted into the FCU.
WESTWAY HOTEL, CALICUT
69 rooms
Types of HVAC systems
1.Air cooled chilled water systems
• Hitachi 60 tons( used for heavy use in the day)
• Carrier 40 tons (for moderate use)
2.Packaged air conditioning
 AIR COOLED SYSTEM
• Air cooled chillers will use fans to blow cool ambient
air over their condenser to remove heat from the
system, this type does not use a cooling tower.

• Placed mostly on roof top or on ground level and

takes less space compared to the water cooled
chillers.

• No need of water for dissipating heat.

• Less efficient than the water cooled since they don’t

use latent heat of evaporation.

• Less maintenance.

• Less noise emission.

• R407C refrigerant.
Cooling fans suck the ambient outside air through the grills and the hot air from it is pushed out from these
cooling fans

• Compressor is the driving force of the refrigerant Condenser

around the system headers
• Screw compressor.
• Compressor pushes the refrigerant with high
temperature and pressure to the condenser and Evaporator
leaves as high pressure and medium temperature
liquid out of the condenser.
Compressor
 Return chilled water in Expansion valve

Supply chilled water out Evaporator

Low pressure and low temperature refrigerant is supplied to the evaporator and it absorbs the heat that comes
in to cool down the water and returns to the compressor as high pressure vapour
 Fan coil Unit

• A fan coil unit (FCU) is a simple device consisting of a

heating and/or cooling heat exchanger or 'coil' and fan.

• Typically a fan coil unit is not connected to ductwork, and is

used to control the temperature in the space where it is
installed, or serve multiple spaces. It is controlled either by a
manual on/off switch or by thermostat.

Types of fan coil unit: Fan coil units are divided into two types
1. Two-pipe fan coil units: Two-pipe fan coil units have one
supply and one return pipe. The supply pipe supplies either
cold or hot water to the unit depending on the time of year.

2. Four-pipe fan coil units: Four-pipe fan coil units have two
supply pipes and two return pipes. This allows either hot or
cold water to enter the unit at any given time.
• Fan coil unit circulates the chilled water received from the chiller into
cooling coil .

• Air that is blown is chilled after passing through the coil is circulated
into the room.

• FCU has a filter at the out streams to clean the air and remove the
toxic gases that passes through it

Thermostat

• Thermostat understands the change in the room condition and

sends signal to the automatic control valve

• This valve controls and regulates the flow of water to the fan coil
unit to provide right amount of cooling to circulating air.

• Occupants can control the thermostat that is in the air and can
adjust the temperature and fan speed.
Air Distribution equipments
Types of Air Distribution Equipments
• 4 way diffusers.
• 2 way diffusers.
• 1 way diffusers.
• Round diffusers.

Two way diffusers in main areas with both Four way diffusers in the corridors.
receiver and supply
 PACKAGED AIR CONDITIONER
q Package ac is a bigger version of the window air
conditioner.
q It has a higher cooling or heating capacity and is usually able
to cool an entire house or commercial building.
q The nominal capacities ranges from 3 tonne to 15 tonne.
q it also has 2 units: indoor unit and outdoor unit.
q Here It is used in the spaces like banquet halls and private
rooms.
 COMPONENTS
This self contained unit is assembled in a casing where all the
air conditioning components are housed. They include:
q Compressor
q Water cooled or air cooled condenser
q Electric panel
q Thermostatic expansion valve
q Air filter
q Front panel
q Evaporator fan and housing
 HOW DO THEY WORK?
q Package units are unique, all-in-one self contained systems that supply both cooling and heating
equipment in one “package”.
q Unlike split system, package units combine a condenser coil, evaporator coil, cooling fan, compressor
and in many models, a gas furnace all in the same unit. All are equipped with a blower (centrifugal fan)
to distribute the conditioned air throughout the structure.

ADVANTAGES
q Space efficiency- Unlike split systems units, all components of complete heating and cooling system are
contained in one location, making package units ideal for scenarios in which indoor space is at a premium.
q Energy efficient heating and cooling performance
q Quick installation- Since all components are factory preassembled little on-site fabrication is necessary
thereby eliminating many of the challenges of split system installation.
 Air-cooled chillers are preferred for small or medium installations but lately the quality
improvement in their structure, allows the usage, in modular type, for large installations also. An
air-cooled chiller is preferred especially in cases that there is not enough water or the water is
very expensive.

The water-cooled chillers have water cooled condenser connected with cooling tower and are
usually preferred for medium and large installations where there is sufficiency of water. In
addition, they are also preferred in cases that is demanded constant performance of the system,
independently of the ambient temperature (industrial air conditioning, air conditioning of digital
systems etc), because the capacity of the water-cooled chillers are not affected by the ambient
temperature fluctuations.