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© 3GPP 2012
John M Meredith
Director,
ETSI Mobile Competence Centre
© ETSI 2018 1
What is 5G NR ?
NR is a major new radio access technology developed by 3GPP, as a logical further
step beyond LTE-Advanced Pro. But like LTE, NR uses modulation based on OFDM
for both downlink and uplink.
(LTE uses OFDM for the downlink, SC-FDMA* for the uplink.)
Operation from quite low to very high bands: 0.4 – 100 Ghz
© 3GPP 2012
© 3GPP 2012
Source: ITU-R
© ETSI 2018 3
Which is more important?
© 3GPP 2012
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Is 5G just higher data rates ?
IMT2020 detailed performance targets are being set by ITU-R as follows:
© ETSI 2018 5
Where did our work begin?
3GPP consultative workshop: Phoenix, September
2015
• 550 experts from industry, government, regulators, research and academia
• Agreed to split 5G Standardization into two phases:
• Phase 1 (new radio and core network) to be delivered by mid 2018 (to address a more urgent sub-set of commercial
needs) © 3GPP 2012
• Phase 2 to be delivered by end 2019 (to address all identified use cases and requirements)
• Agreed that 5G standards must address 3 major use case families: eMBB, mMTC, URLLC
• Intention was to enable new industry sectors to benefit from 5G (e.g., Automotive, Health, Energy, Manufacturing
…)
in ETSI, e.g.:
• ETSI ISG Network Functions Virtualization (NFV): started work in 2013 ENI OSM
• ETSI ISG Multi-Access Edge Computing (MEC): started work in 2014
MEC © ETSI 2018 6
Numerology
Numerology: The believe in the divine, mystical relationship
between a number and one or more coinciding events; also the
study of the numerical value of the letters in words, names and
ideas. Often associated with the paranormal, alongside
© 3GPP 2012
astrology and similar divinatory arts.
© ETSI 2018 7
Numerology
Scalable OFDM numerology with scaling of subcarrier spacing.
• LTE supports carrier bandwidths up to 20 MHz with a mainly fixed OFDM numerology – 15
kHz subcarrier spacing. But NR offers scalable OFDM numerology to support diverse
spectrum bands and deployment models. NR can operate in mmWave bands with wide
channel widths (hundreds of MHz) and the OFDM subcarrier spacing has to be able to
scale accordingly so that FFT complexity does not increase exponentially for wider
© 3GPP 2012
bandwidths.
© ETSI 2018 8
Numerology
Native forward compatibility mechanisms – the numerology is
inherently adaptable to any frequency band.
© 3GPP 2012
© ETSI 2018 9
Numerology
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What do I get from NR ?
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When do I get NR ?
© 3GPP 2012
Summary
- Licensed bands between 600MHz – 39 GHz
- LTE-Anchored 5G (NSA), and Standalone (SA) 5G
- Basic URLLC support
- Massive MIMO
- Flexible RAN architecture
13
- Fulfills IMT2020 criteria © ETSI 2018
Is there more to come ?
© 3GPP 2012
© ETSI 2018 15
ITU-R submission for IMT-2020
© 3GPP 2012
source: RP-172098
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RAN #79: “late drop” for NR in Rel-15
© 3GPP 2012
© ETSI 2018 17
Where are we now?
5G NR (first drop) completed ahead of schedule
• The specification of 5G NSA NR completed in December 2017, 6 months ahead of schedule, at the request of those
players that wished to deploy 5G early (in non-standalone mode)
• The remainder of 5G Phase 1* (including Next Generation Core Network) on schedule to be completed by June 2018
(enabling deployment in standalone mode)
• *A few aspects of some architectures will be completed in a late drop in December 2018.
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Is it just the same old faces?
3GPP Members now include, for example:
• Agricultural machinery manufacturers (e.g., John Deere, Husqvana, etc)
• Automotive manufactures (e.g, Volkswagen, Volvo, Toyota)
• Rail (e.g., International Union of Railways)
• Factory Automation companies (e.g., Siemens)
• Energy Sector (e.g., Legrand)
© 3GPP 2012
• Environment (e.g., Veolia)
• Broadcasting Community (e.g., EBU, BBC, TDF)
• Satellite Community (e.g., ESO, Inmarsat)
• Aerospace (e.g., Lockheed Martin, BAE)
• Retail Sector (e.g., Alibaba)
• Social Media (e.g., Facebook)
• Advertising (e.g., Google)
5 continents:
• Africa
• Asia (especially China, India, Japan and Korea)
• Australia
• Greater Europe
• North America
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Release timeline unchanged
Rel-15 schedule unchanged
• Architecture Option 3: ASN.1 Freeze March 2018
• RAN#79 endorsed the freeze of NSA ASN.1 and approved the corresponding CRs
• Architecture Option 2: ASN.1 Freeze September 2018
• Architecture Option 5: ASN.1 Freeze September 2018 (only impacts LTE ASN.1)
• Priorities unchanged: Until June WGs shall prioritize
© 3GPP 2012 Option-3 stabilization (only essential corrections
allowed), and on Option-2 specification work
Rel-16 schedule unchanged
• Approval of the main package of SIs/WIs to be done in June/2018 as already planned
• Approval of further urgent items at a later stage shall still be possible
• TU and project planning of all SIs/WIs (already approved ones and newly approved ones)
will be done together as a package in June/2018 and adjusted in subsequent RAN plenary
meetings
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Late drop for Rel-15
Introduce a late drop for Rel-15 that follows Rel-15 completion by 6 months
The late drop is to exclusively contain NR architecture options that were not completed by
September ASN.1 drop
• Options 4, 7 are part of the late drop
• NR-NR Dual Connectivity to be considered to be added to the late drop at RAN#80
• Scope to target minimum RAN1 impact, scope to be addressed at RAN#80
• © 3GPPcan
NR-NR DC band combinations (limited to FR1-FR2) 2012
be proposed in RAN4 in Q2, pending final approval at RAN#80
• No other WG work to proceed specifically on NR-NR DC in Q2
• Hardware impacts for the late drop should be avoided
• After RAN#79, no further functionality will be considered to be included in the late drop
• Band combinations which are not completed by June 2018 (other than NR-NR DC combinations) will be
moved to Rel-16 band specifications, but continue to be release independent.
• In case Option 5 is not completed by September ASN.1 drop, it will be part of the late drop
The late Rel-15 ASN.1 drop is to be strictly backwards compatible
No assumptions are made in this proposal on UE capabilities wrt different NR architecture
options © ETSI 2018 22
Rel-16 planning
RAN#80 in June will target to approve the bulk of the Release-16 work
package (SIs/WIs).
• The approval process will plan for 6 “ordinary” WG meetings per year plus additional
“ad hoc” meetings.
RAN is conducting several email discussions to consolidate the scope for
© 3GPP 2012
larger work areas.
See the full list in RP-172795 and RP-180594.
Goals and principles for these email discussions is unchanged,
see RP-172795.
Other individual company proposals are also encouraged to be further
developed on the RAN_Drafts exploder.
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Other Release 15 NR study items
These studies are preparing for potential normative Release 16 work items ...
All tdocs are freely available via the web site and portal.
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The global spectrum landscape
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Is 5G just NR ?
No. To realize the full potential of what NR can offer,
the core network needs to evolve from the Enhanced
Packet Core (EPS) of 4G to the Next Generation Core
Network (NGCN) of 5G. © 3GPP 2012
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5G system architecture
No fewer than 12 potential architectural migration
options were described in 3GPP TDoc RP-161266 in
June 2016.
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5G system architecture
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5G system architecture
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5G system architecture
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5G system architecture
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5G system architecture
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5G system architecture
Stand-alone (SA) and non-stand-alone (NSA)
NSA: NR mobiles connect to the NR base station (gNB), and the gNB
backhauls via an LTE base station (eNB) to the EPC core network.
SA: NR mobiles connect to the NR gNB, and the gNB backhauls directly
to the NGCN. © 3GPP 2012
© ETSI 2018 34
5G system architecture
Stand-alone (SA) and non-stand-alone (NSA)
The “LTE-assisted” NSA options (3a, 4a, 7a, 8a) allow the mobile’s user-
plane traffic to pass directly from the NR to the EPC. Control-plane
traffic still passes via the LTE radio access network.
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© ETSI 2018 35
5G system architecture
3GPP decided to concentrate initially on NSA option 3
– being the easiest to roll out by operators having
existing LTE networks.
The specifications for these were completed in
© 3GPP 2012
December 2017.
© ETSI 2018 36
5G system architecture
SA specifications will be completed in two drops, June
2018 (most remaining architectures) and December
2018 (options 4 & 7).
© 3GPP 2012
Both evolved LTE and NR radio access technology networks will co-exist for
the foreseeable future, with evolved LTE at lower frequency bands and NR
at higher bands.
The EPC will evolve into the NGCN.
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5G system architecture
Note that the 4G network (LTE radio + EPC
core) will continue to exist in the 5G era. From
Release 15 onwards, all 3GPP specifications
will be badged as except those few legacy
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© ETSI 2018 40
Topological considerations
These mm wavelengths suffer poorer propagation characteristics
compared with longer wavelengths:
high penetration loss
reduced diffraction
© 3GPP 2012
increased scattering
increased reflection, even from “small” objects such as lamp-posts
higher absorption by atmosphere (rain, snow, fog, …), vegetation
(leafy trees), and even human bodies
…
5G channel model – see 3GPP TR 38.901.
© ETSI 2018 41
Topological considerations
But these problems can be countered by …
massive multiple input multiple output antenna arrays
8x8, 16x16, … 256x256 … (?)
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Topological considerations
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Topological considerations
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Topological considerations
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Topological considerations
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Topological considerations
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BBU
Front-haul – between RF
front end units and
baseband unit
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Topological considerations
© 3GPP 2012
NR back-haul – fixed
connection between RAN
and CN where no fibre
connection available
(BBU not shown for
simplicity)
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Topological considerations
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Topological considerations
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Topological considerations
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Early, pre-standardized,
implementations / proofs of concept
PyeongChang winter olympics, Feb 2018
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PyeongChang winter olympics, Feb 2018
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PyeongChang winter olympics, Feb 2018
• 5G connected car
© 3GPP 2012
Inside the 5G Connected Car, semi-
transparent display provides
multiple 5G experiences and high
quality (4K) videos of the Games. It
also provides a variety of visual
content based on augmented
reality and virtual reality.
© ETSI 2018 55
In summary, NR offers the supplier
Simpler architecture, less signalling overhead
Enormous bandwidth – 1 Gbit/s easily achievable even at < 6 GHz – thanks to highly flexible
carrier aggregation, wide spectrum availability and very efficient use of that spectrum due to
latest modulation techniques; and bandwidth doubling thanks to full duplex (simultaneous
same frequency tx & rx) operation – half the cost per Mbit/s? : in short, more traffic
Flexible sub-carrier spacing to optimize©performance
3GPP 2012 in noisy environments
Thanks to massive MIMO and beamforming, better service to customers
Long mobile unit battery life thanks to high energy efficiency, more appealing to users
Very long battery life for IoT remote stations, technology of choice for users
Low latency, technology appropriate for response-time-critical “vertical” industry
applications
The versatility of software-defined radio and network function virtualization
Separation of user plane (UP) and control plane (CP) traffic
© ETSI 2018 56
In summary, NR offers the end user
Enormous bandwidth – ultra fast file download
Thanks to massive MIMO and beamforming, low interference between users, even
at high user densities – better user experience
Long mobile unit battery life thanks to high energy efficiency – less frequent need
for charging batteries © 3GPP 2012
Very long battery life (10 years +) for IoT remote stations – 3GPP 5G becomes the
technology of choice
Massive IoT feasible, with network-edge computing and network slicing tailoring
service to specific user classes
Low latency, therefore ‘instant’ response – vital for V2X, factory automation, tele-
surgery, interactive gaming, …
© ETSI 2018 57
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Evolution from 4G to 5G
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What will the economic impact be?
“5G-powered smart city solutions applied to the management of
Accenture report (Jan 2017) vehicle traffic and electrical grids alone could produce an
estimate of $160 billion in benefits and savings for local
communities and their residents. These 5G attributes will enable
estimates : cities to reduce commute times, improve public safety and
generate significant smart-grid efficiencies.”
• U.S. GDP boost of $500 billion
• Creation of 3 million new jobs© 3GPP 2012
https://newsroom.accenture.com/content/1101/files/Accenture_5G-Municipalities-Become-
Smart-Cities.pdf
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Acknowledgments
I am indebted to the following for the use of
their material in these slides:
• Balasz Bertenyi, Chairman TSG RAN
• T-Mobile USA
• Nokia
• Qualcomm
© 3GPP 2012
• SK Telecom
• Ministry of Science and ITC, Korea
• Samsung
• NTT-DOCOMO
• ITU-R
• Accenture
www.3gpp.org
• My ETSI colleagues, in particular
Adrian Scrase, Joern Krause and Kyoungseok Oh
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© 3GPP 2012
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