STUDI KASUS PEMANFAATAN BATUBARA

PEMANFAATAN KARBON AKTIF DARI BATUBARA KOTOR (DIRTY COAL) SEBAGAI

ADSORBEN ION LOGAM Cd2+ DAN Pb2+ DALAM LARUTAN

Nama Kelompok :

SAPTO UTOMO (710017175)

LANA AGUNG PRASETIO (710017036)
DESI NOFRIANTI SONOTOK (710017159)
ALIF FAJAR APRILIANTO (710017152)
SHEREN GITA ANGEL GUMURU (710017110)

Oleh : Yogie Henry Payung, Saibun Sitorus, Alimuddin , Universitas Mulawarman

 background of the problem
Research by Japan International Corporation Agency
(JICA) and the Department of Energy and Mineral
Resources (ESDM) mentioned that in one year there are
600,000 tons dirty coal that is wasted and dissolved into
the Mahakam river, estimated to be years next wasted
dirty coal reaches 1 million tons per year (Haspiadi,
2010). One of the ways to handle this waste that is to
use it as a raw material for making activated carbon.
From various studies have also known capabilities
activated carbon to reduce waste pollution one of them
is heavy metal industry. According to Arifin (2008),
heavy metal contamination especially Pb and Cd in the
environment is a big problem in the world today.
Therefore, this research was conducted with utilizing
coal as a coal active carbon fence can reduce
environmental pollution by industry which produces
heavy metal ions Cd and Pb enter into the waters.
• RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Equipment The equipment used in this study consisted
of: dropper pipette, pipette volume of 10 mL, 100 mL
erlenmeyer, 1000 mL measuring flask, spray bottle,
porcelain cup, weigh bottle, porcelain mortar, blast furnace,
crusher, analytical balance, pH meter, oven , heat-resistant
gloves, masks, spatulas, sieves and desiccators. Materials
Materials that will be used in this study include: dirty coal
(dirty coal), phosphoric acid (H3PO4), aquadest, Whatman
filter paper, Pb (NO3) 2 solution, CdSO4 solution and
aquades.

Research Procedure To make activated carbon, a sample of

200 mesh dirty coal was used, then activated for 24 hours
with 25% H3PO4 and then carbonated at 800oC for 2 hours
then washed with distilled water until it reached a neutral
pH (pH 7) then dry it in the oven with a temperature of
150oC. To find out the quality of activated carbon,
parameters were tested including water content, ash
content, volatile matter, carbon content and iodine. The
ability of the metal ion adsorption process Cd2 + and Pb2 +
by activated carbon of dirty coal was tested into three
parameters, including determining the optimum pH,
optimum contact time and optimum adsorption capacity by
batch method.
• RESEARCH RESULTS

1. DETERMINATION OF THE OPTIMUM PH OF ADSORPTION OF AND PB METAL

IONS BY ACTIVATED CARBON.

The optimum conditions for each metal are at pH 4 for Cd metal and
pH 5 for Pb metal. This optimum pH condition is caused by the H +
ion being sufficiently bonded to the metal ion. The decrease in
absorption after the optimum point is due to the fact that activated
carbon has been saturated by metal ions and the ions are no longer
bound to the H + ion because the H + ion has decreased with
increasing pH.
2. THE OPTIMUM CONTACT TIME OF ADSORPTION OF METAL IONS CD AND PB BY
ACTIVATED CARBON

The optimum point of absorption of the two metals is found in the 15th minute, a
decrease in absorption occurs at the next interval. This optimum condition occurs because
activated carbon has been saturated by metals and all active sites are bound to metals, this
saturation which makes the contact time has no effect anymore. This relatively fast
optimum time is also caused by the possibility at the beginning of adsorption absorption of
metal ions also takes place quickly to fill the cavities in activated carbon, so that after
passing through its optimum point the absorption process returns again, even in Cd metals
the ion absorption is quite constant.
DETERMINATION OF THE CAPACITY OF
ADSORBS THAT REFERS TO THE FREUNDLICH
Determination of the capacity of adsorbs that refers to the Freundlich isotherm From the
graph above obtained by the equation y = ax + b To calculate the capacity, the Freundlich
isotherm equation formula is used, namely: Where k is the value of the adsorption
capacity. The following is the value of the adsorption capacity of each.
• CONCLUSION

The activated carbon of dirty coal can adsorb Cd

metal ions with an optimum pH of 4 and adsorbs
Pb metal ions with an optimum pH of 5 where the
optimum time required to adsorb both metal ions
in the solution is 15 minutes. With the ability of
activated carbon adsorbs per gram capacity to
adsorb Cd as much as 2.90 mg per day while
dissolving for Pb metal ions in a solution capable of
adsorbing as much as 3.02 mg per 1 gram of
activated carbon used.
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION ALL