A Large group of people with common culture, traits such as religion, language,

political institutions value and historical experiences. They tend to identify with one
other, feel closer to one another than outsides and believe that they belong together.
They are clearly distinguishable from the others who do not share their culture. For
example the people of France is being “French” Their Frenchness is demonstrated
primarily by common use of French language though their language are also present in
significant parts of Switzerland and Belgium but the people of French are clearly
distinguished in social ideas which known as attitudes.
Forces or Agencies Responsible for Nation Meanings
1. Common Biological Decants : The belief in common biological decants may have
some cohesive force among tribal societies. Indian caste system is because of
common biological decants. The tribal of Pakistan e.g Mohmand, Afridi and Wazirs
etc.
2. Common Language: A common language is the most dominants and obvious sign
of social cohesion. The four national languages of Switzerland are German, French,
Italian and Romansh. All but Romansh maintain equal status as official languages at
the national level within the Federal Administration of the Swiss Confederation. In
some situations, Latin is used, particularly as a single language to denote the
country. South Africa , Belgium and Canada have two official languages
3.Customs And Traditions:
A custom (also called a tradition) is a common way of doing things. It is something that
many people do, and have done for a long time. Usually, the people come from the
same country, culture, or religion. Many customs are things that people do that are
handed down from the past.
When a custom is transfered from generations to generation, it takes the form of
tradition. Tradition can be thus explained as a custom that people have been following
for a very long time. Handshake is a custom that has been followed in many countries
though the way they do it differs from country to country. For eg : In Switzerland, it may
be expected to shake the women's hands first. Whatever be, handshake is a custom. In
India, Namaste gesture was often used in the place of handshake. If an Indian meets a
foreigner, if he shows the Namaste gesture; that’s tradition and instead if he goes for a
handshake, that’s the custom we follow while meeting someone.
4. Religion:- Religion is also the important factor in national unity in most part of the
world. The more developed world have neither a State Church nor a State Religion. But
in some State Religion is Cohesive and Dividing force.
In Poland, nationalism was always characterized by loyalty to the Roman Catholic
Church. Groups like the National Revival of Poland use slogans like Wielka Polska
Katolicka (Great Catholic Poland) and protest vigorously against legalization of gay
marriage and abortion. In the former aspect, a shared religion can be seen to contribute to
a sense of national unity, a common bond among the citizens of the nation. Another political
aspect of religion is the support of a national identity, similar to a shared ethnicity, language,
or culture. The influence of religion on politics is more ideological, where current
interpretations of religious ideas inspire political activism and action; for example, laws are
passed to foster stricter religious adherence
Nation. Nation may refer to a community of people who share a common language, culture,
ethnicity, descent, or history. However, it can also refer to people who share a common
territory and government irrespective of their ethnic make-up; that is, a nation state.

How to say nation in sign language?

Nation: a group of individuals who feel that they have so much in common (interests,
habits, ways of thinking, and the like) that they should all become a particular state.
Unlike the term state, the term nation refers to the subjective feelings of its people. By
this definition almost all the present nations would like to become nation- states, but
many nations are actually parts of other states, and many states are not nation-states.
On the whole, nation-states can count on much greater loyalty from their citizens than
states that contain many nations, and this gives them greater strength in their inter-
national dealings.
Nationalism
Nationalism is the desire of culture, linguistic and religious group to achieve a political
status that would give them a limited measures of self government .
Feelings of belonging with certain nation or cultural group with some values.
Introduction:
The topic, nationalism, obviously in a gathering such as this, is needless to say that it
relates nationalism to Islam. And this is to say we see nationalism through the Muslim’s
perspectives. The topic nationalism in itself is very wide. Doing justice to such a wide
topic is beyond the scope of a lecture such as this. What I will try as much as possible
to do is to first of all define the subject, then review some basic characteristics (of
nationalism), its background and how it spread and show some of its weaknesses and
perhaps some of the dangers of the concept and finally reach a conclusion by making
comparison between nationalism and Islam.
Positive Points
Nationalisms can be very healthy emotion because;
 it can give courage to the people to identify themselves with a group larger
than family, classification or tribe.
 They can involve themselves in the affairs of modern society.
 It can stimulate them to create new ideas and constitution which will advance
the society as whole
Negatives Points
 If the emotions becomes more powerful and sever it can cause a demand for self
determination even among smallest groups and ultimately will result into fragmentation
of the society instead of unification.
 Due to extreme level nationalism people consider themselves as the most superior
people and others are inferior and thus against the level of human rights.
 The importance nationalism in in the world affairs has changed throughout the previous
century. That was very strong in 1930’s especially in Europe , which led to feelings,
Nationalism in Italy, Germany and Russia.
Degrees of Nationalisms
There are two degrees of nationalism which are given below
1. Irredentism
2. Chauvinism
1. Irredentism:
Some times a small Nation leaved in State does not belong to locate people in term of
Language, Values and Culture etc. It is feeling of separation from Majority local people
by minorities.
If the Nationalism becomes more powerful it leads to irredentism. The desire to
incorporate within the State all the areas that had once been a part of the State or in
other words the people live when belong to the Nation but not to State.
The term has been derived from an area Northern Italy that was still part of Austria in
1871, after the rest of the Italy had been unified in the Nation State. Young Italian
Nationalist referred to it as Italian Irredentist. A different and rather strong case is that of
Pakhunistan.
Irredentist claims are usually based on the fact that an identifiable part of the national
group lives across the border. However, they can include claims to territory where no
members of that nation live at present, because they lived there in the past, the national
language is spoken in that region, the national culture has influenced it, geographical
unity with the existing territory, or a wide variety of other reasons.
The Afghan border with Pakistan, known as the Durand Line, was agreed to by
Afghanistan and British India in 1893. The Pashtun tribes inhabiting the border areas
were divided between what have become two nations; Afghanistan never accepted the
still-porous border and clashes broke out in the 1950s and 1960s between Afghanistan
and Pakistan over the issue. All Afghan governments of the past century have declared,
with varying intensity, a long-term goal of re-uniting all Pashtun-dominated areas under
Afghan rule.
United Bengal is a political ideology of a Unified Bengali-speaking Nation in South Asia.
The ideology was developed by Bengali Nationalists after the First Partition of Bengal in
1905. The British-ruled Bengal Presidency was divided into Western Bengal and Eastern
Bengal and Assam to weaken the Independence Movement; after much protest, Bengal
was reunited in 1911.
The second attempt by the British to partition Bengal along communal lines was in 1947.
The United Bengal proposal was the bid made by Prime Minister of Bengal Huseyn
Shaheed Suhrawardy and Bengali Nationalist Leader Sarat Chandra Bose to found a
united and independent nation-state of Bengal.The proposal was floated as an
alternative to the partition of Bengal on communal lines. The initiative failed due to
British diplomacy and communal conflict between Bengali Muslims and Bengali Hindus
that eventually led to the Second Partition of Bengal.
2. Chauvinism:
It is the most extreme form of Nationalism it can be defined as” Super patriotism
excessive and bellicose fallings of superiority over the people and countries . This is
unhealthy it has frequently led to wars e.g Nazi Germany .
Chauvinism (shō´vənĬzəm), word derived from the name of Nicolas Chauvin, a soldier of
the First French Empire. Used first for a passionate admiration of Napoleon, it now
expresses exaggerated and aggressive nationalism. As a social phenomenon,
chauvinism is essentially modern, becoming marked in the era of acute national rivalries
and imperialism beginning in the 19th cent. It has been encouraged by mass
communication, originally by the cheap newspaper. Chauvinism exalts consciousness of
nationality, spreads hatred of minorities and other nations, and is associated with
militarism, imperialism, and racism. In the 1960s, the term "male chauvinist" appeared in
the women's liberation movement; it is applied to males who refuse to regard females as
equals.
Nation state
A nation state (or nation-state) is a state in which the great majority shares the same
culture and is conscious of it. The nation state is an ideal in which cultural boundaries
match up with political ones.[According to one definition, "a nation state is a sovereign
state of which most of its subjects are united also by factors which defined a nation such
as language or common descent. "It is a more precise concept than "country", since a
country does not need to have a predominant ethnic group.
A nation, in the sense of a common ethnicity, may include a diaspora or refugees who live
outside the nation-state; some nations of this sense do not have a state where that
ethnicity predominates. In a more general sense, a nation-state is simply a large, politically
sovereign country or administrative territory.
• A multinational state, where no one ethnic group dominates (may also be considered
a multicultural state depending on the degree of cultural assimilation of various groups)..
• An empire, which is composed of many countries (possibly non-sovereign states) and
nations under a single monarch or ruling state government.
• A confederation, a league of sovereign states, which might or might not include nation-
states.
• A federated state which may or may not be a nation-state, and which is only partially self-
governing within a larger federation.