 Malaria is a disease that is chronic or acute, caused by a

Protozoan plasmodium genus characterized by fever,

anemia andsplenomegaly (Mansjoer, 2001, page. 406).
 Malaria is a parasitic infection of red blood cells caused by
aProtozoan plasmodium species that is transmitted to
humans through mosquito saliva (Corwin, 2000, page.
125).
 Malaria is a disease caused by protozoa of the genus
plasmodium obligate intracellular (Harijanto, 2000, page.
1).
 Malaria is an infectious disease with recurring fever, which
is caused by the parasite Plasmodium and is transmitted
by a mosquito Anopeles (Tjay & Raharja, 2000).
According to Harijanto (2000) there are
four types of plasmodium which can
cause infection.
a. Plasmodium vivax, is the most
frequent infections and causes
malaria tertiana/vivaks (fever each day
to three).
b. The Plasmodium falciparum, gives a lot
of complications and have a
pretty vicious perlangsungan, easy-
resistant with tropical medicine
and malaria cause/falsiparum (fever each 24-
48hours). Plasmodium malariae,
c. Rare andcause malaria quartana/malariae
(fever each four days).
 d. Plasmodium ovale, found in Africa and the
Western Pacific, in Indonesia was found
in Nusa Tenggara and Irian, giving the
most infections are
mild and recover spontaneously without
treatment, causes malaria Plasmodium ovale.
 Incubation period of malaria varies depending
on the durability of the body
and plasmodiumnya species. Incubation
period of Plasmodium
vivax Plasmodium ovale 14-17 day, 11-
16 Plasmodium malariae, day 12-14 day 10-
12 day and Plasmodium
falciparum (Mansjoer, 2001).
 According to Harijanto (2000) Division of types
of malaria based on types
of plasmodiumnya include the following:

a. Tropical Malaria (Plasmodium Falcifarum)

Malaria is a tropical/tropical malaria falciparum is the
most severe form, characterized by the heat along,
anemia, splenomegaly, parasitemia are many
and frequent complications. 9-14-day incubation
period. Tropical malaria attacked all forms of the
erythrocytes. Caused by Plasmodium
falciparum. Plasmodium is a Ring/Ring of
small diameter 1/3 diameter of normal erythrocytes and
is the only species that has 2 cell nuclei (Doubleon
Chromatin).
b. Malaria Kwartana (Four Plasmoduim)
Plasmodium Malariae has a tropozoit similar
to Plasmoduim vivax, is smaller and more
compact cytoplasm is/was
more blue. Matur Tropozoit has a dark brown to
black granules and
sometimes accumulates to form
a Ribbon. Plasmodium malariaehas Skizon 8-
10 merozoit arranged like petals/rossete.
c. Ovale Malaria (Plasmodium Ovale)
Tersiana malaria (Plasmodium Ovale) Plasmodiu
m malariae resemblance, skizonnya only
had 8 merozoit with black pigmentin the
middle period. The characteristics that can
be used to identify infected erythrocytes is a
form of Plasmodium Ovale is
normally oval or along and fibriated.
d. Tersiana Malaria (Plasmodium Vivax)
Tersiana malaria (Plasmodium Vivax) usually
infects young erythrocytes that has a
diameter larger than normal erythrocytes. Its
shape is similar to that
of plasmodium Falcifarum, but along
with maturasi, tropozoit vivax turned
into Amoeboids. Consists of 12-24 merozoit
ovale and yellow pigment tengguli.
 Life cycle of a species of malaria in
humans are:
a. sexual Phase.
 This phase occurs in the human body
(Skizogoni), and in the body of
mosquito (Sporogoni). After a few cycles,
most merozoit in erythrocytes can develop
into sexual forms of males and
females. These gametocytes do
not flourish will die when it is not in
the suction by Anopeles females
 Phase merozoid starts and erythrocytes in the
blood attacking the erythrocytes to
form tropozoid. The
process continues into trofozoit-
skizonmerozoit. After 2-
3 merozoit generation formed,
the most merozoit turned into sexual forms
b. Asexual Phase
Occurs in the liver, the transmission occurs
when a female mosquito infected with
the parasite, and stings a man with his saliva to
inject "sporozoit" into the blood
circulation that henceforth settled
in parenchym liver cells (Pre-eritrositer).
 Phase in the hearts of this in named "pre-
eritrositer primary." Occur in the blood. Red
blood cells are in circulation
of approximately 120 days. Blood
cells contain hemoglobin which can
carry 20 ml of O2 in the 100 ml of
blood. Erythrocytes are produced by the
hormone eritropoitin in the kidney and liver
Signs and symptoms found on the
client with malaria in General according to
the Mansjoer (1999), among others, as follows:
a. Fever
b. Splenomegali
c. Anemia
d. Jaundice
a. Microscopic Examination of Malaria.
b. Examination Imunoserologis
c. Examination of Biomolekuler
d. The QBC (Semi Quantitative Buffy Coat)
Special treatment in cases of malaria can be
provided depending on the type
of plasmodium, according
to Rahardja & Tjay(2002) among others as
follows:
a. Malaria Tersiana/Kuartana
Usually with the kloroquin but if you need
to add resistant mefloquin single dose 500 mg
page. c (or kinin 3dd 600 mg for 4-
7 days). This therapy is followed by the
awarding of primaquin 15 mg/hari for 14 days)
b. Ovale Malaria.
Give the kinin and doksisklin (the first day
of 200 mg, and 1 dd100 mg for
6 days). Or mefloquin (2 doses of each of
the 3 and 10 mg/kg with an interval of 4-
6 hours). Pirimethamin-
sulfadoksin (single dose of
3 tablets) are usually combine it
with kinin (3 dd 600 mg for 3 days).
c. Malaria Falcifarum
Combination sulfadoksin 1000 mg and pyrimet
hamine 25 mgper tablet in a single dose by as
much as 2-3 tablets. Quinine3 x 650 mg for 7
days. Antibiotics like tetracycline 250 mg x 4/d
ay for 7-10 days and aminosiklin 2
x 100 mg/day for 7 days
According to Gandahusa, Ilahude and personal
(2000) some of the complications that can
occur on malaria are:
a. Cerebral Malaria
b. Severe Anemia
c. Pulmonary Edema
d. Hypoglycemia