CLEANING THE WORK

AREA AND EQUIPMENTS,

MATERIALS AND
EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED
FOR CLEANING

BY
CHRISTINA RAJU
CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. Methods of cleaning
3. Cleaning system
4. Cleaning equipment's
5. Cleaning by chemicals
6. Research article
7. Summary
8. Reference
INTRODUCTION
• CLEANING : Cleaning is the processes of removing unwanted substances,
such as dirt, infectious agent, and other impurities, from an object or
environment
• Cleaning is broadly achieved through mechanical and solvent action
• Aspects of cleaning in industry: All the equipment's and area used during the
manufacture shall be cleaned and sanitized at appropriate level
METHODS OF CLEANING
 WASHING : Usually done with water and often some kind of soap
 WET CLEANING: Safe detergents and non toxic spot remover used
 ACOUSTIC CLEANING: Use of sound waves to shake particulates loose from a surface
 CARBONDIOXIDE CLEANING
 DRY CLEANING: Chemical solvent
 FLAME CLEANING: Oxyacetylene flame
 GREEN CLEANING: Environmentally friendly methods
 PLASMA CLEANING: Energetic plasma
 STEAM CLEANING
Before undertaking any cleaning , it is important to
identify
 All areas of the property that require cleaning
 The scope of cleaning required
 The time of day when cleaning can be undertaken
 Types of surface to be cleaned
CLEANING SYSTEM
1. Clean out of place systems(COP)
2. Clean in place system(CIP)
3. Central cleaning systems(CCS)
1. CIP SYSTEM
CIP is a method of cleaning the interior surface of pipes, vessels,
processes equipment's , filters and associated fittings without
dissemble
HISTORY
 Up to the 1950 closed systems were dissembled and cleaned
manually
 In 1950 CIP has fully automated systems with include
programmable logic , controllers , multiple balance tanks ,
sensors, valve, heat exchangers and specially designed spray
nozzle systems
 Simple manually operated CIP systems can still be found in used
today
CIP DESIGN PRINCIPLE
Based on solid load and processes geometry
 Deliver highly turbulent , high flow rate solution to effect good cleaning
(applies to pipe circuits and some filled equipment)
 Deliver solution as a low energy spray to fully wet the surface
(applies to lightly solid vessels ,static spray ball used)
 Deliver a high energy impinging spray
(applies to highly soiled or large diameter vessels ,dynamic spray
device used)
Factors affecting the effectiveness of cleaning
 Temperature of the cleaning solution: Elevating the temperature of
a cleaning solution increases its dirt removal efficiency
 Concentration of a cleaning agent : Concentrated cleaning
solution much better than dilute one due to increased surface
binding capacity
 Contact time of the cleaning solution: Increase the contact time
detergent eventually dissolve the hard stains
 Pressure exerted by the cleaning solution(turbulence): The creates
abrasive force that dislodge stubborn soil from the dirty surface
 BIOREACTOR , FERMENTERS AND MIX VESSELS
 CIP commonly used for cleaning bioreactor , fermenters, mix vessels
and other equipment's used in biotech , pharmaceutical , food and
beverage manufacturing industries
 CIP is performed to remove previous cell culture batch components ,
control bioburden and reduce endotoxin level

 Critical parameters temperature , flow rate/ supply pressure

,chemical concentration , chemical contact time and final rinse
conductivity are important for the duration of cycle
STEPS
1. Pre rinse with WFI(water for injection) or purified water- wet the
interior surface of the tank and remove residues
2. Caustic solution single pass flush through the vessel to drain
3. Caustic solution re-circulation through the vessel
4. Intermediate WFI or PW rinse
5. Acid solution wash-used to remove mineral precipitates and
protein residues
6. Final rinse with WFI or PW –flush out residual cleaning agent
7. Final air blow-remove moisture remaining after CIP cycle
ADVANTAGE
 Minimizes the cleaning time and reduce manual labor
 Increased economy in use of cleaning detergent
 Automated systems clean better than manual systems
 Automated cleaning increase the level of equipment/storage
space utilization
 Increase the safety, people do not come in to direct contact
with detergent

DISADVANTAGE
 CIP system have a higher cost
 Needs a professional personnel to operate
 Once you start cleaning you cannot stop the processes
2. COP SYSTEM
 COP system are used to clean pieces of equipment that
would not be touched by the CIP systems
 Equipment's are fittings ,clamps , product handling untensils
,tank vents, pump rotors , impellers ,casings , hoses etc
 COP uses the same cleaning solutions as CIP
 Equipment's needs to be dissembled for cleaning typically
equipment's is small , complex or difficult to clean
METHODS
 Immersion washer is the primary equipment
 Long tanks use spray jets to create high speed turbulence and
detergent to scrub ingredients and processed material from parts
submerged in the tanks –ultra hot water
 The deep sinks allow for soaking, immersion in sanitizing solutions
and final rinsing before reassembly of parts
ADVANTAGE
 Usually lower investment than CIP system
 Delivers consistent results
 Provides a cost savings over manual cleanings , saves on time,
chemical, and water usage
 Minimizes operator exposure to high temperature and strong
chemical concentration

DISADVANTAGE
 More labor force(disassembly and reassembly)
 Loading/unloading the COP washer
3. CENTRAL CLEANING SYSTEM
 Many plants using foam cleaning apply it using mobile systems
 This are two categories
 Trolley mounted pressurized vessels which rely on a cleaning
operative to make up the foaming solution to the correct
strength and require a separate hose to be used for rinsing
 High pressure cleaners which are fitted with a foaming device
and still rely heavily on high pressure to do the cleaning
 Major draw back require long length of air and water hose to be
connected during cleaning
1. AUTOCLAVE
 Autoclave is a pressurized device designed to heat aqueous
solutions above their boiling point at normal atmospheric pressure
to achieve sterilization
 Auto- self
Clavis- self locking device
 Autoclave is used to remove microorganisms and spores using high
pressure and temperature steam sterilization
 PRESSURE = TEMPERATURE
 When pressure increased in a closed vessel the temperature
increases proportionately(15 pounds pressure the temperature rises
to 1210c
PURPOSE OF THE AUTOCLAVE
1. To prepare materials for bacteriological cell cultures
without contamination
2. Prepare elements used for taking sample
3. Sterilize contaminated material
2. HOT AIR OVEN
 An oven provides a temperature higher than that of atmosphere
 The most common time – temperature relationships for sterilization
with hot air sterilizer are
170 0c for 30 minutes, 1600 c for 60 minutes and 150 0c for 150min
 Sterilizing by dry heat is accomplished by conduction
 Dry heat does most of the damage by oxidizing molecules . The
essential cell constituents are destroyed and the organism dies
 Used for sterilize glassware, forceps, swabs, oils, waxes & powder
3. LAMINAR AIR FLOW
 A laminar flow cabinet or laminar flow closet or tissue culture
hood is a carefully enclosed bench
 A laminar flow hood consists of a filter pad, a fan and a HEPA
filter
 Air is passed through a HEPA (High Efficiency Particulates Air)
filter which remove all airborne contamination to maintain
sterile conditions
 Sterile air flows in to the working area where you can do all your
work without risk of contamination
4. VACUUM CLEANERS
 The vacuum cleaner is the most used piece of electrical cleaning
equipment
 The purpose of a vacuum cleaner is to collect all small piece of
litter and dust which embedded in the carpet
 A vacuum cleaner is powered by a central motor which drives a
fan creating suction, the strength of suction is dependent on the
power of the motor.
 They have a combination of filters which collect the dust and
prevent it from being recirculated in to the atmosphere
TYPES OF VACUUM CLEANER
1. UPRIGHT MODEL-These are used by pushing backward and forward
over the floor
2. BARREL STYLE-Usually on wheels with a flexible hose and have extension
tubes with a nozzle attached
3. CANISTER-Similar to barrel vacuum cleaner but they are cylindrical in
shape
4. WET VACUUM-Pick up water only
5. BACKPACK-The body of machine carried on the back
6. STICK VACUM-This is a small vacuum cleaner that is battery
operated
7. HAND HELD(DUSTETTE)-Similar to stick vacuum used in
emergencies for small spillage
5. FLOOR SCRUBBING MACHINES
 A floor scrubbing machine is used for wet scrubbing on hard floors
 They vary in sizes and the machine can be either manually operated or
automatic
A. Manual scrubbing machine-The floor to be mopped first with wet
cleaning solution and then scrubbed with the machine using a bristle
brush
B. Automatic scrubbing machine –Machine wets , scrubs and suction in
one pass
6. FLOOR POLISHING MACHINES
 Polishing machines are used as the polishing of hard floors such as
vinyl, cork and marble
 This are single disc machine used conjunction with brushes, floor
pads, floor strippers and polishes according to the task at the hand
 These machines can be used to strip, polish and buff floors
 The rotate between 150-650 rpm, high speed polishing machines -
2500 rpm
OTHER CLEANIG EQUIPMENTS
I. Out door sweeping machines
II. Trolleys
III. Buckets
IV. Mops
V. Rakes
VI. Broom and brushes
VII. Feather dusters
VIII. Squeeges
IX. Spray bottles
CLEANING BY CHEMICALS
Important points to choose a chemical
 The cleaning tasks to be done
 The types of surfaces to be cleaned
 Consider the safety of using every chemical
 The ability of the chemicals to do the job required
 The smell of the chemical should be pleasant and fresh
 Labelling of containers
 Consider how the chemicals are dispensed and stored
1. ACIDS- soluble in water, pH level of less than 7
 Rust remover oxalic acid
 Hydrochloric acid-Remove very old stain
 Phosphoric acid-Toilet bowl cleaners
 Vinegar(Acetic acid)
2. ABRASIVES-Clean by scratching.
 Available in paste , powder and liquid form
 Used in heavily solid surface
3. DETERGENTS- They are usually slightly alkaline the remove soil acidic in
nature
4. ALKALIES-The pH level higher than 7.causatic and corrosive in nature
5. BLEACHES- Is not cleaner but does kill germs eg;sodium hypochlorite
6. DISINFECTANTS-The kill most bacteria with the exception of spores and
viruses so the called broad spectrum disinfectants.
 Mixed with hot water increase the effectiveness.
 Disinfectants need time to work and will need to be rinsed off surface
7. SANITISERS- Similar to disinfectants ,they do not need rinsed off and
used in food area
8. SOLVENTS- Solvents are contained within many detergents in small
quantities for general cleaning
 White spirit-used for dry cleaning
 Methylated spirit- Fastly drying agent in window cleaner
 Acetone- Remove heavy stains such as grease , paint etc
SUMMARY
 Cleaning validation plays an important role in prevention of
cross contamination in laboratory and industrial area
 The main goal of cleaning validation is to verify the
effectiveness of cleaning procedure
 Swab samples were collected from stainless steel surface of
production equipment and were evaluated by specific HPLC
analytical method for Anthracycline drug residual
determination to demonstrate the cleaning procedures
effectiveness
 The analytical method is selective, precise , accurate, and
linear
REFERENCE
1. U.S Food and Drug Administration (1978)”Current Good
Manufacturing Practice for Finished Phamaceuticals ; Equipment
cleaning and maintenance.” Code of Federal Regulations
2. Matts Ramstorp” Introduction to Contamination Control and
Cleanroom Technology”
3. Health Products and Food Branch Inspectorate,Cleaning validation
guidelines,2008
4. Clean and maintain industrial work area and equipment,
D1.HHK.CL3.07 Trainee Manual