– Volume – Weight Tonnage • Volumetric Tonnage – Used to determine the earning capacity of vessels – Derived from the word “Tun” in the 13th century. A Tun was a wine cask or barrel – 100 cubic feet is equal to 1 ton Tonnage • Volumetric Tonnage – Used to determine port fees, dock fees, dry docking charges, etc – The original idea was to have fees based on the vessel owners ability to pay (the vessels ability to earn) Tonnage • Gross Tonnage – Internal volume of vessel less certain exempted spaces • Example: – A barge is 100’ x 50’ x 10’ – Internal volume is 50,000 cu ft – Gross tonnage is 500 tons Tonnage • Net Tonnage – Remaining tonnage after non-earning spaces are removed from the Gross Tonnage – Non-earning spaces (exemptions) are: • Doublebottoms • Forepeak and Aftpeak (if for water ballast only) • Poop, Bridge and Forecastle (if fitted with tonnage openings Tonnage • Non-earning spaces (cont’d) – Shelter deck (if fitted with tonnage openings) – Passenger spaces on the deck above the uppermost continuous deck – Other miscellaneous spaces including companionways, skylights, wheelhouses, vents and some water closets Tonnage • Deductions – Crew and working spaces – Machinery space (principle deduction) Tonnage • Tonnage Openings – Nominally non-water tight • No gasket used • Normally secured with bolt hooks • May be secured with wooden battens (not seen much any more Tonnage Tonnage • Ship Owners and designers work to minimize Net Tonnage • Some rules in the calculation of tonnage can be made to work to the ship owners advantage – By designing the vessel with the machinery space between 13% and 20% of the total Gross Tonnage, 32% of the gross tonnage may be deducted Tonnage • In order for crew and working spaces to be deducted, the builder must certify that the space is ONLY for crew or working – A plaque will be placed in or on the space indicating this • Law requires 120 cu ft and 16 sq ft of space for each crew member Tonnage • Other Volumetric Tonnages – Suez and Panama Canal Tonnages • Each has their own rules, but in general will be greater than the Net Tonnage Tonnage • Weight Tonnages (Long Tons or Metric Tons) – Displacement Tons – Deadweight Tons – Light Ship Tons Tonnage • Displacement Tons – The weight of water displaced by the hull, it is exactly equal to the weight of the vessel and its contents Tonnage • Deadweight Tons – The amount of water, cargo, fuel and stores a vessel can carry when fully loaded. Tonnage • Light Ship Tons – The weight of the empty ship. The displacement of of a vessel with no cargo, crew, stores, fuel, water, and ballast. Tonnage • Review – Tonnage as a volumetric measurement is in units of 100 cu ft = 1 Ton – Tonnage as a weight measurement is in units of Long Tons or Metric Tons.