Beam

KISHAN. GUNESEGERAN| INTI INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY NILAI

What is BEAM?

 A beam is a structural element that is capable of

withstanding load primarily by resisting against bending.

 The bending force induced into the material of the beam as a result
of the external loads, own weight, span and external reactions to
these loads is called a bending moment.
What is BEAM?

 Beams are characterized by their profile (shape of cross-section),

their length, and their material.

 Beams are traditionally descriptions of building or civil engineering

structural elements, but smaller structures such as truck or
automobile frames, machine frames, and other mechanical or
structural systems contain beam structures that are designed and
analyzed in a similar fashion.
What???

 Beam is the horizontal member of a structure, carrying transverse

loads.!

 Beam is rectangular in cross-section!

 Beam carry the Floor Slab or the roof Slab!

 Beam transfer all the loads including its self- weight to the columns
or walls!
What is R.C.C?

 Subjected to bending moments and shear.

 Due to the vertical external load, bending compresses the top fibres
of the beam and elongates the bottom fibres.

 The strength of R.C.C beam depends on the compsite action of

concrete and steels
CLASSIFICATION OF BEAMS

 Simply supported - a beam supported on the ends which are free to rotate
and have no moment resistance.

 Fixed - a beam supported on both ends and restrained from rotation.

 Over hanging - a simple beam extending beyond its support on one end.

 Double overhanging - a simple beam with both ends extending beyond its
supports on both ends.

 Continuous - a beam extending over more than two supports.

 Cantilever - a projecting beam fixed only at one end.

Simply Supported Beam

 Its is Beam supported freely at the two ends on walls or columns.

 In actual practices, bo beam rests freely on the supports. (walls or

columns)
Fixed Beam

 In this beam, both ends of the beam are rigidly fixed into the
supports.

 Also main Reinforcement bars and stirrups are provided

Cantilever Beam

 It is fixed in a wall or column at one end and the other end is free.

 It has tension zone in the top side and compression zone in the
bottom side
What is Beam!

 For a Beam, It is necessary to provide Reinforcement(Steel Bars) in

Compression and Tension zone.

 In a beam, If the reinforcement is only in tension zone then it is called

Singly Reinforcement Beam and if the reinforcement is both at Tension
and Compression zone then it is called Doubly reinforced Beam.

 In both case, there will be rod in tension and compression zone.

 This is because, it is not possible to form a Beam structure without

stirrups.
What is Beam!

 To hold the stirrups in standing position, it is necessary to place two

reinforcement in compression zone of singly reinforced Beam.

 However, those two will never carry or pass loads in its body and it is
just dummy.

 In a Beam, the top section is called Compression zone and the

bottom section is called Tension zone.
 The figure shows the complete difference between Singly
Reinforcement and Doubly Reinforcement Beam