Plate no.

1
f.1 Quality assurance documentation building

Blocks And Plastering

BY:
JOHN CARLO BUADLART
 Purpose of the quality assurance
The purpose or objectives of the quality assurance in blocks
and plastering are to protect the surface from atmospheric
influences, to cover the defective worksmanship in masonry, to
conceal porous materials, and to provide a suitable surface for
painting.
 Required labor and equipment/tools
 Masonry labor
 Flexible bucket
 Bucket trowel
 Mixer
 Spot board
 Hand board
 Finishing trowel
 Clean water
 1” and 4” clean paint brush
 scraper
 Laying of hallow blocks
Steps of proper lying of hallow blocks.

1.Spread the mortar along the corner.

2.Set the corner block.
3.Apply the mortar to the side.
4.Continue to lay the concrete blocks.
5.Check the alignment.
6.Apply the mortar on the top.
7.Stack the blocks.
8.Add reinforcement.
 Scaffolding
Proper steps on how to assemble scaffolding during plastering.

1.Select a secure foundation on which to build and set your scaffold.

2.Opt for casters
3.Assemble the scaffolding frame.
4.Make sure the scaffold is stable.
5.Place the planks
6.Secure access to the scaffold.
7.Attached the guardrails.
8.Inspect the scaffolding to ensure safety.
Example of CHB Laying and Plastering
 Plate no.2
B.2 SUPERSTRUCTURE

PRESTRESSED GIRDER
 Purpose
The purpose of presstressed concrete girder facilitates rapid
construction of a bridge using girders that are fabricated off-
site and then transported and erected into place at the job site.
 SCOPE
This procedure covers only the all types of prestressed girders
that will used in construction such as construction of bridges.
 Safety
Refers to the attached documentation in Volume 3: Structural
Drafting Standards.
 WORKING METHOD
 Plate no.3
F.3 EARTHWORKS

ITEM 104 EMBANKMENT

 Purpose and scope
It deals with the stability of embankments,
earth cuttings, rock cuttings and other
structures and solution.

The design and construction of the

substructure must provide the superstructure
with the stability required by the regulations to
ensure safe and regular traffic operations.
 REFERENCES
Example: sand cone field densety test
 WORKING METHOD
Material properties and testing methods
1.Gradation

2.Unit weight and Specific Gravity

3.Moisture-Density Characteristics
4.Shear strength
5.Compressibility

6.Bearing capacity
7.Permeability

8.Corrosion resistance
 Plate no.4
CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT POWER
TOOLS AND HAND TOOLS

HEAVY EQUIPMENT
1. Crane
Meaning :
A crane is a lifting equipment that is equipped with a pulley, ropes, and chains.

Uses : It can easily hoist and lower heavy cargo around the job site. Some
cranes have arms that can be expanded to different lengths.
2. forklift
Meaning :
As expected, there are various kinds of forklifts available in the Philippines.
They come in different styles and sizes, and serve their own unique purpose.

Uses :
A forklift is a medium-sized
truck that is being used to lift and
transport cargo for short distances.
3. excavator
Meaning :
An excavator is a massive construction equipment that comes with wheels or
tracks. It has a bucket arm attached to its front. This arm can freely rotate to
360 degrees.

Uses :
It is typically used to dig through the earth
or to hoist heavy materials.
4. loader
Meaning :
There are various types of loaders available out there, and choosing the best loader
can be extremely invaluable for any construction project. It can definitely make your
task quicker and more efficient.
Here are some of the common types of loaders:

1. Wheel Loader
2. Track Loader
3. Skid Steer Loader
4. Backhoe Loader

Uses :
Loaders are designed to transport materials around the job site. The usual materials
being hauled are asphalt, rock, debris, and construction waste. There’s also gravel,
wood, and sand—when these raw materials already come in a substantial amount,
they will also require a loader for easier transportation.
5. Dump truck
Meaning :
A dump truck can be seen in almost every construction site. It has
become so indispensable that it has already been labeled a heavy
equipment.
Uses :
– efficiently loads and unloads materials.
6. bulldozer
Meaning :
Are robust machines that can operate even in rough terrains.
Uses :
– used for pushing and
moving earth at a job site.
7. Concrete mixer
Meaning :
A concrete mixer, as the name suggests, is used to mix cement, water, and
other materials (such as sand and gravel) to form concrete.
Uses :
– used to mix cement, water, and other materials to make concrete.
8. trencher
Meaning :
They bear some resemblance with excavators, and the only difference is that
they are specifically designed to dig ditches. As you might expect, trenchers
are vital in piping projects.

Uses :
– used for digging ditches or trenches at the construction site.
9. grader
Meaning :
This is more commonly known as a road grader or a motor grader.
Uses :
They’re used for moving around a considerable amount of earth and
ensuring that the surface is level, flat, and sufficiently smooth. A grader is
especially essential in architectural and civil engineering projects (such as road
work).
10. scraper
Meaning and Uses :
A scraper is used to seamlessly move dirt and other materials. However, they
are not suitable for all construction sites and are more appropriate in vast and
open areas where they can move around more swiftly.