ROUGH HARDWARE

 In building construction, hardware meant to be

concealed, such as bolts, nails, screws, spikes,
and other metal fittings.
TYPES OF ROUGH HARDWARE
• COMMON WIRE NAIL OR COMMON
NAIL
a cut or wire low-carbon steel nail, having a
slender plain shank and a medium
diamond point; used in work where finish is
unimportant, as in framing.
• FINISHING NAIL

a slender nail made from finer wire than the

common nail; has a brad-type head which
permits it to be set below the surface of the
wood, leaving only a small hole which can
be puttied easily; used in finishing work.
• BRAD NAIL

a small finishing nail, usually of the same

thickness throughout, with a head that is
almost flush with the sides or a head that
projects slightly to one side.
• BOX NAIL

similarto a common nail but thinner;

has a long shank which may be smooth
or barbed.
• CASING NAIL

a slender nail with a small, slightly flared

head used for finishing work.
• RING-SHANK NAIL

a nail having a number of ring-like grooves

around the shank to increase its holding
power.
• CLINCH OR CLENCH NAIL

 any nail designed for clinching, after

driving. Clinching is securing a nail, staple,
screw or bolt, by hammering the protruding
point so that it is bent over.
• ROOFING NAIL

a short nail having a barbed or ring shank

and a comparatively large flat head; may
be galvanized or bright; often provided with
a neoprene, lead, or plastic washer; used to
secure roofing felt or shingles to a roof-deck
or roof boards.
• METAL LATH NAIL

a nail designed for securing a metal lath. A

metal lath is a base for plaster fabricated: by
slitting metal and then stretching it to form a
diamond-shaped mesh or by punching and
forming sheet metal. Usually classified as rib lath,
diamond-mesh lath, sheet lath, or wire lath.
• ELECTRICIAN’S STAPLE NAIL
a u-shaped piece of metal or heavy wire,
with pointed ends, driven into a surface to
secure a sheet material, hold a hasp, etc.
• CONCRETE NAIL
a hardened steel nail having a flat
countersunk head and a diamond point;
used for nailing to concrete or masonry.
• MASONRY NAIL
a hardened steel nail with a knurled or
fluted shank; esp. used for fastening to
masonry.
TYPES OF NAIL CONSTRUCTION
• FACE NAILING
 nailing
in which the nails are driven
perpendicular to the face of the material.
• BLIND NAILING

 alsocalled concealed or secret nailing.

Nailing in such a way that the nail heads are
not visible on the face of the work. In finished
roofing, the use of nails that are not exposed
to the weather.
• TOE NAILING
 alsocalled skew or tusk nailing. Nailing
obliquely to the surfaces being joined.
• WOOD SCREW
ahelically threaded metal fastener having a
pointed end; forms its own mating thread
when driven into wood or other resilient
material.
• METAL SCREW
 fastened by screwing into metal.
• LAG SCREW, LAG BOLT, COACH
SCREW
abolt having a square head and a thin,
coarse-pitched thread.
• SCREW ANCHORS
 ananchor (similar to an expansion bolt)
having a metal shell with a screw along its
central axis; when the shell is placed in a
hole and the screw is driven in, the shell
expands, tightly securing the anchor in the
hole. Locally called a tux screw with a
plastic shell.
• TEKS SCREW
a screw used to fasten metal roofing sheets
to the purlins.
• MACHINE BOLT

a threaded bolt having a straight shank and

a conventional head such as a square,
hexagonal, button, or countersunk type.
• STOVE BOLT
a bolt with a round or flat slotted head and
a square nut, resembling a machine screw
but usually having coarser threads and
used for joining metal parts.
• CARRIAGE BOLT
a threaded bolt having a circular head, an
oval or flat bearing surface, and a means
(such as a square shoulder under the head)
of preventing rotation of the bolt.
• TOGGLE BOLT
a bolt having a nut with pivoted flanged
wings that close against a spring when it is
pushed through a hole, and open after
emerging from the hole; used to fasten
objects to a hollow wall or to a wall which is
accessible only from one side.
• EXPANSION BOLT
 same as expansion shields. An anchoring
device having an expandable socket that
swells as a bolt is tightened into it; used in
masonry walls for attaching timber, etc.
FINISH HARDWARE
 also called Architectural Hardware, Builders’
Finish Hardware, Finish Builders’ Hardware.
Hardware, such as hinges, locks, catches, etc.,
that has a finished appearance as well as a
function esp. that used with doors, window,
and cabinets; may be considered part of the
decorative treatment of a room or building.
TYPES OF FINISH HARDWARE
• HINGES
 aremovable joints used to attach, support,
and turn a door (or cover) about a pivot;
consist of two plates joined together by a pin
which support the door and connect it to its
frame, enabling it to swing open or closed.
• BUTT HINGE
 referred to as butts because they are usually
attached to the butt edge of a door. Hinges
consist of two leaves with an odd number of
knuckles on one leaf and an even number
of knuckles on the other. The knuckles are
attached with a pin. The pin and knuckles
form the barrel of the hinge, which is finished
with a tip.
• OLIVE KNUCKLE HINGE
a paumelle hinge with knuckles forming an
oval shape.
• INVISIBLE HINGE
a hinge so constructed that no parts are
exposed when the door is closed. A famous
brand name is SOSS.
• SPRING HINGE
a hinge containing one or more springs,
when a door is opened, the hinge returns to
its closed position automatically; may act in
one direction only, or in both directions (as
on a swinging door).
• LATCHSET AND LOCKSETS
 are devices to hold a door in the closed
position and lock it. A latchset only holds the
door in place with no provision for locking. It
has a beveled latch extending from the face
of the door edge and automatically engages
the strike mounted in the frame when the door
is closed. A lockset has a special mechanism
that allows the door to be locked with a key or
thumbturn.
• DOOR CLOSERS
 aredevices that automatically return the
door to its closed position after it is opened.
They also control the distance a door can
be opened and thereby protect the door
and surrounding construction from damage.
Closers can be surface mounted on the
door or head frame or concealed in the
frame or door.