Integrated Pest Management (IPM) : Beverage Plus PVT Ltd-Quality & Food Safety

INTEGRATED PEST
MANAGEMENT
(IPM)
1
Beverage Plus Pvt Ltd-Quality & Food Safety
Training Outline
• PC & IPM
• Understanding IPM-COM
• Inspection Tips
• Stored products insect control
• Identification of pests
• Monitoring vs pests
• Methods of monitoring
• Monitoring devices
• Rodent identification and control
• Birds control
• Team conducting audit
• Team presenting audit finding
(issue, root cause, short term action, long term action)
2
PC & IPM
1. Pest Control-PC
• Killing pests
• Pesticide Spray etc.
2. Pest Management-IPM
• Pest prevention
• Cleaning/Maintenance/Operation
• Lifecycle damage
• Eliminating harborage places
3
Understanding PC & IPM-COM
You enter in your kitchen and found so much flies
around the cooking area. The area was un-clean
after last cooking activity.
What action you will take?
Cleaning of area having food residues attracting

pests.
Cleaning
4
Second day again you enter in your kitchen in the
morning and found the area is totally clean but still
flies were inside the kitchen. The emergency door
towards outside was half open.
Door closing after passing through.

Operation Control
5
Third day again you enter in your kitchen in the
morning and found the area is totally clean and
door is close but still flies were inside the kitchen.
Sieve of the window was damaged at corner.
Window sieve repair.

Installing door closer.
Maintenance 6
Cleaning
Operation
Maintenance
7
Understanding IPM
Now you go out of your kitchen and see standing
water near door,
waste bin is full and without cover,
waste scattered around the bin,
small size flies found near waste
What action you will think to do?

Weekly pesticide application.(life cycle damage)
Breading places elimination.(bin cover, wipe off
standing water). Pest Management
8
Inspection Tips
Key tools:
• Torch
• Notebook
• Camera
• Magnifier/mirror
• Magnet
9
Inspection Tips
Requirements for Personnel for Self Inspection
• Proper training to identify pest issues
• Development of a clear method of reporting findings.
• Verification that corrective actions taken were correct and
effective.
• Department involved:
• Purchasing
• Receiving
• Quality
• Production
• Maintenance
• Sanitation
10
Inspection Tips
Key Senses Usage during audit/inspection:
1. Eye: all the time, look up and down, left and
right, inside and outside.
2. Ears: birds, mice, metal on metal etc.
3. Nose: mice, cockroaches, mould, blocked drains,

decomposition in wall spaces, fermentation
4. Feel/touch: welds are smooth or rough, will
bristles fall off a cleaning brush?
Talk and ask lots of questions in friendly ways.
11
Inspection Tips
Insect Observations:
1. Don’t always expect to see the
adult insects that you easily recognize.
2. They might not be active during the day. Mainly
nocturnal species eg Indian meal moth
3. They might only have juveniles visible when the
inspection occurs.
4. Look for cockroach droppings, track marks,
webbing, eggs etc.
5. Look 5 meter around the trap.
12
Inspection Tips
Look for harborages:
1. Floor gaps are common places for insects to live
and grow.
2. Look for dark holes / gaps in piping and electrical
trays where food can accumulate.
3. Look inside equipments and get help to gain
access if safe.
13
Inspection Tips
1. Always look for root cause for proper corrective
actions.
2. Suggest immediate correction.
3. Look for short term corrective actions.
4. Find out long term permanent solution /
preventive measures.
5. Corrective actions should be cost effective, easily
manageable, effective etc.
6. Wasting time and money without achieving
control is always risky.
14
Stored Product Insect Control
1. Storage outside under lights at night can cause
accidental infestation and enhance insect
infestation. Avoid storage outside under light.
2. White light is more attractant for pests as
compare to yellow light. Replace white light will
yellow light.
3. Storage in damp or hot
conditions can damage stock.
4. Storage for long time periods over 1 month need
inspection regularly. Insect life cycle is about 1
month.
15
Stored Product Insect Control
Correct Identification Is Important:
1. Some pests are more worrisome than others
– Harder to control
– Growth rate population
– May be incidental pest
2. Some control may not work
– Can’t choose appropriate control if you don’t know the
actual problem
– Legal restriction.
3. Maintain profitability
– Investment vs output
16
Identification of Pests
1. Structure:
– Insects have 6 legs
– Spider is not under pest category having 8 legs
– Insects growth and development, shape at different stages
2. Temperature influence on insects:
– 50⁰C Death in minutes
– 35⁰C Development stops
– 25-32.5⁰C Optimum
– 19-25⁰C Sub optimum
– 5-15⁰C Death in days
– -17⁰C Death in minutes
17
STORED PRODUCT PESTS:
Internal Feeder (Weevils)
1. Granary Weevil (don’t fly, marks on wings)
2. Rice Weevil (can fly, marks on wings)
Control Strategy:
• Improve sanitation of storage bins
• Proper rotation of bins
• Proper aeration
• Monitoring
• Fumigation
18
External Feeders
1. Indianmeal Moth
• Adults are 3/16 to 7/16 inch long and average wing span of
11/16
• Easily identified by wings pattern
• Females are generally larger than males and have expanded
abdomen
• Numbers depend on availability of foods resources.
• Larvae leave a silky thread as it travels through materials.
• Attracts by flavour
• Make small thick webs normally white colours in
19
External Feeders
2. Beetles (warehouse beetle)
• Larvae is 0.25 inch long and vary in color from yellow white
to dark brown, depending on age
• Very active and will crawl between food sources.
• Males fly to find females and females fly to oviposit 90+
eggs and disperse.
• Thus for space sprays the best time would be when most
insects have left refugia, which would be early to mid
morning on a warm day.
20
STRUCTURAL PESTS:
1. Ants (internal resident, invaders)
2. Flies (house flies, bottle fly, fruit fly, drain fly)
3. Cockroaches (German cockroach, American cockroach, oriental

cockroach)
4. Occasional invaders (house cricket, earwing, centipede, millipede,

sow bug)
Mainly come inside through open doors and gapes
21
Monitoring vs Control
Monitoring:
The use of devices and physical inspections to obtain information to
determine the presence and extent of pest activity in a defined
area.
Control:
The relevant actions taken to reduce undesirable levels of pest
activity to acceptable levels.
22
Why Monitoring For Pest
Activity?
• Enables you to identify and locate infestation
• Provides information on the likely source of the infestation.
• Inbound materials
• Warehouse
• Production area
• Evaluates the overall effectiveness of the pest management
strategy.
23
Methods of Monitoring
• Devices
• Light traps
• Glue board
• Pheromones
• Combinations
• Personal
• Packaging damage
• Customer complaints
• Self inspection
24
Monitoring Device
Insect Light Trap
Placement:
• Often used for flies but equally useful for SSP
• Entryways, especially with vestibule are good for flies but wil
also work for SPP
• Placed 12-15 feet inside the door and not visible from outside.
• Placed approximately 50 feet apart but varies based on facility-
usually placed on a as needed basis.
• Place 10 feet away from product, material, equipments and
machines.
25
Rodent Identification and
Control Techniques
Rodent: Defined as “to gnaw”
Referred to as a “Klepto-parasites”
Rodents responsible for the loss of 1/5 world crop production
Three most common rodents:

1. House mouse
2. Norway rat
3. Roof rat
26
Rodents
Diseases transmitted to man:
1. Plague
2. Murine typhus
3. Rickettsial pox
4. Salmonellosis
5. Rat bite fever
6. Weils disease
7. Hanta virus
8. Typhoid
9. Dysentery
27
House Mouse
Originated on the grassy plains of Asia Global distribution due to
migration on merchant ship.
• Need little food and water.
• Extremely adaptable, second only to man. DNA analysis indicates
a 98.2 % similarly to man.
• Weight 15-30 grams
• Large ears and eyes
• Tail as long as head and body
• Variable colors
• Differs from young rats by smaller head and feet
• 19 days gestation
• Four to seven pups
• Six month life expectancy
28
House Mouse
• Outside-nests in debris or burrows
• Inside-nests near food sources
• Routinely nests within 15 feet of resource
• Noted to be modifying behavior for survivals by moving to center
of warehouses.
• May feed 20 to 30 times in 24hrs periods.
• Sites may be marked by urine odor
• Consume three to four grams of food per day
• Drink nine milliliters of water per day when available
• Satisfies most daily water needs from food
29
Norway Rat
• Stocky body
• Weight 200 to 500 gram
• Small ears
• Tail shorter than head and body
• Breeding peaks in spring
• Gestation 22 days
• 8 to 12 pups per litter
• Four to seven litters per year
• Life expectancy less than one year
• Organized social structure
30
Norway Rat
• Needs free available water
• Neophobic (shy to new objects)
• Range 50 to 150 feet from nests
• Mark territories with pheromones
• Use five senses very well
• Excellent swimmers
• Burrowing animal
• Required 25 to 30 gram of food per day
31
Roof Rat
• Similar to norway rat
• Large ears that touch when folded
• Tail longer than body and head combined
• Tends to live above ground
• Vegetarian by preference
• Common along coastal areas of US
• Excellent climbers (control strategy must include overhead area)
• Lines and shadows are the shelters and nesting area of roof rats.
32
Control of Rodents
• Recognizing rodent issues is the first step to elimination.
• Top ten rodent signs
1. Droppings
2. Tracks
3. Gnawing damage
4. Burrows
5. Runways
6. Grease marks
7. Urine stains
8. Live or dead rodents
9. Sound of rodents
10. Rodent odours
33
Control Strategies
• Attractants + Access = Rodent problem
• Mice ¼ inch, Rats ¾ inch gape required to enter inside
• Glue traps
• Mechanical traps
• Traps installed at both outer corner of main gates
• Inside along the wall at 50 feet gape
• Along the outer boundary of plant
• Inspect at least weekly
• Bait usage in exterior tamper resistant locked bait stations
(not recommended at PCI plants)
These bait become harborage places for indianmeal moth
indicated by webbing.
34
Birds Control
Impact:
• Damage property and become fire hazard
• Become a nuisance
• Present health issues
• Provide opportunities for contamination of human/animal food
Control Challenges:
• Public perception of birds as no threat to human health or
property
• Public perception that control methods are cruel and sometimes
unnecessarily deadly
• Control technologies available are limited and often misapplied
• Cost of defense can be expensive
• Regulatory oversight
35
Birds Control
• Birds often use to sit on sloppy structure or pipes. Avoid such
structure if possible.
• Trim trees
• Net pipe runs
• Eliminate roosts
• Ultrasonic repellant
• Peacock eats snakes
• Falcon repels birds
• Balloon eyes etc. hanging under ceiling structure
• Structural modification
• Electrified tracks
• Netting
• Bird repellent liquid
36

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) : Beverage Plus PVT Ltd-Quality & Food Safety

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INTEGRATED PEST

What action you will take?

Cleaning of area having food residues attracting

What action you will take?

Door closing after passing through.

What action you will take?

Window sieve repair.

What action you will think to do?

3. Nose: mice, cockroaches, mould, blocked drains,

2. Flies (house flies, bottle fly, fruit fly, drain fly)

3. Cockroaches (German cockroach, American cockroach, oriental

4. Occasional invaders (house cricket, earwing, centipede, millipede,

Mainly come inside through open doors and gapes

Three most common rodents:

5. Rat bite fever

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