Pipes & its classification

Anudeep Bansod
What is pipe?

A pipe is a tubular structure or hollow

cylinder, usually but not necessarily of
circular cross section, used mainly to
convey substances which can flow
such as Liquids, slurries, gases &
powders and masses of small solids.
Classification ( mainly using in Oil & Gas)
Pipes

Seamless Welded

SAW ERW/EFW/HFW

Straight SAW Helical/Spiral SAW

Single seam Double seam

Seamless
pipe
manufacturing
process
Welded
pipe
manufacturing
process
Pipe size
 In current practice, pipe size define with two sets of number
1. Pipe Bore/Nominal Diameter
2. Pipe Schedule, which is nothing but wall thickness.

 Nominal pipe size(NPS/NB)- Is the

Number that decides the pipe size.
When we say 6” pipe, 6” is its nominal
Size.
For the pipe 14” and above, outside
Diameter is same as NPS.
Pipe Schedule
Pipe schedule is the way of pipe wall thickness
are mentioned. To simplify the ordering of the
pipe, ASME committee has developed
Schedule number which is based on Barlow’s
wall thickness formula.
P=2St/D.
So, what does Schedule 40 means?
Schedule 40 is nothing but pipe thickness
designator. In simple words, for a given material,
this pipe can withstand a certain amount of
pressure.
Pipe Class
Pipe class is a document that specifies the type
of component such as a type of pipe, schedule,
material, flange ratings, branch types, valve
types & valve trim materials, gaskets and all
other components specific requirement to be
used for different fluids under different operating
conditions in plant
Pipe class is developed considering the
operating pressure, temperature & corrosive
environment.
Short code is used to cover all information
applicable to given class.
PIPING MATERIALS SPEC - ANSI CLASS 300, CARBON STEEL (Sample pipe class document)
 MATERIAL LIST REQUIREMENTS
1. Service: General - Hydrocarbons, Produced Water, Gas
2. Flange Rating: ANSI Class 300 (ASME B16.5)
3. Material: Carbon Steel
4. Corrosion Allowance: 1/16" min.
5. Pressure (PSIG) @ Temperature (°F): 695/-50 to 100 (other Pr-T range available)
6. Maximum Hydro test: 1110 PSIG
 PIPE
2" - 24" Pipe - bevelled ends, standard weight, seamless, carbon steel per ASTM A106 or API Spec 5L.
 FLANGE
2" - 24" Flange - orifice, weld neck, ANSI Class 300, 1/16 inch raised face, faced and drilled, bore standard
weight pipe, forged carbon steel per ASTM A105.
 BOLT AND GASKET
Bolt - machine, hex head, mild steel per ASTM A307, Grade B, with heavy pattern semi-finished hex nut, Class
2 fit, coarse thread series per ASME B1.1 and ASME B18.2. Size as indicated.
Stud Bolt - continuous thread, alloy steel per ASTM A193, Grade B7, with two each heavy semi-finished hex
nuts per ASTM A194, Grade 2H, threading per ASTM A193.

2" - 12" Gasket - spiral wound, per API Std 601, for ANSI Class 300 raised face flanges, Type 304 stainless, with
integral 1/8-inch thick carbon steel compression centering ring and 1/8 inch thick 304 SS inner ring, with
Flexite Filler. Flexitallic type CGI only.
ASME/ANSI Codes and Standards
 ASME codes and standards were developed to enhance the public safety
and productivity of the engineers.
 The ASME standards are the sort of technical guides for the designers,
manufacturers and users regarding the usage of the product. Some of
these standards are written in few paragraphs, while others may run into
multiple pages.
 ASME codes set the guidelines for the mechanical engineers to follow to
common system of manufacturing not only in US but also in the countries
that have adopted ASME standards.

ASTM Codes and Standards

 The standards of ASTM International are used in research and
development, quality systems, product testing and acceptance, and
commercial transactions all around the globe. They are integral
components of today's competitive business strategies.
Pipe Length
 Pipe length is mentioned in either meter or feet. During
production, pipes are not manufactured in same
lengths, and during construction of process plant, you
required various lengths of pipes
 Single random- 4.8m to 6.7m
 Double random – 10m
PipeEnds
Small Bore Pipe and Large Bore Pipe

Small Bore Pipe

Pipe Size up to 2” are considered small bore
pipe. However, some company considered up
to 2.5″ pipe as a small bore.

Large Bore Pipe (Big Bore Pipe)

Pipe Size above 2″ are considered large bore or
big bore pipe