Development of Hardware to Generate

Homogeneous Mixtures in S.I. I.C. Engines

P M V Subbarao
Professor
Mechanical Engineering Department

A Baby Care Engineering for A Quick &

Comprehensive Phenomenon…...
Development of Combustion Science for Eco-friendly
SI Engines
Closed Loop
Best Power
Control

Best fuel Economy

HC emissions

NOx emissions

CO emissions
 The Role of Fuel Induction System

• The tasks of the fuel induction systems are;

• to introduce right amount of fuel @ specified schedule.
– This schedule must be in agreement with allowable
Combustion Mechanism.
• to prepare a mixture that satisfies the requirement of the
Combustion Mechanism.
– This preparation is to be carried out over entire engine
operating regime.
– In principle, the optimum air-fuel ratio for an engine is
that which give the required power output with the
lowest fuel consumption.
• It should also ensure smooth and reliable operation.
 Types of Fuel Induction Systems : SI Engines

• The fuel Induction systems used in SI engine are classified

as:
– Carburetors.
– Throttle body Fuel Injection Systems.
– Multi Point Fuel Injection Systems.
– Direct Gasoline Injection System
Evolution of Fuel Inductions Systems : SI Engines –
First Generation
Thermo-flow Model for Carburetor

1
The Trajectories of Droplets Travelling in
Manifolds
 Evaporation of Droplets

Basic Mechanism : Convective Heat and Mass Transfer

The heat and mass transfer processes during droplet

evaporation are to predicted by suitable models.
 Models of Droplet Evaporation
• Model may assume:
• Spherical symmetry of the droplet.
• The presence of a quasi-steady gas film around the droplet.
• Uniform temperature within the droplet.
• Liquid-vapour thermal equilibrium on the droplet surface.
• Under these conditions, the rate of temperature change is
determined by the energy balance.
 Droplet evaporation
• The droplet evaporation rate is given by
 fuel DAB
  Sh* ln 1  BM 
d Droplet
where DAB the gas diffusivity,
Sh* the non-dimensional Sherwood number, and
Bm the mass transfer number.
The mass transfer number BM is equal to:
Y fs  Y f
BM 
1  Y fs

where Yfs and Yf are the mass

fraction of vapor fuel at the droplet
surface and the surrounding
Fuel Evaporation in Engine Cylinder & Manifolds
Development of Combustion Science for Eco-friendly
SI Engines
Best Power

Best fuel Economy

HC emissions

NOx emissions

CO emissions
 Carbureted S.I. Engines

• There are some very obscure auto makers, primarily in

Africa and Russia, who still build cars with carburetors.
• These cars are typically designs that have been purchased
from their original manufacturers and remade for a new
market.
• To keep expenses down, these auto makers avoid computer
controls and use mechanical components such as a
carburetor on their cars to make them more easily
repairable.
• Many motorcycles, are one of the last holdouts of the
factory production carburetors today.