Lesson 16: GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE:

POWER,USE OF FORCE AND CONSENT

Espiritu, Catherine Rose R.
Mandigma,Cyra Gwyneth D.
BEED II-2
Lesson Objectives:
1. Identify the relationship between abuse of
power and GBV.
2. Understand that the term "violence” in the
context of GBV means using some type of
force, which may or may not include
physical force and;
3. Understand the meaning of “informed
consent” and its relationship to GBV.
 Power
Preperators can have “real and perceived” power.

Some examples of different types of power and powerful

people:
A. SOCIAL- peer pressure, bullying, leader,
teacher, parents;
B. ECONOMIC- the perpetrator controls money or access to
good/services/money/favors;
C. POLITICAL- elected leaders, discriminatory laws

D.PHYSICAL- strength, size, use of weapons, controlling

access or security; soldiers, police, robbers, gangs

E. GENDER-BASED (social)- males usually in a more powerful

position than females; and

F.AGE-RELATED- often, the young and elderly people have the

least power.
 USE OF FORCE/VIOLENCE

“FORCE” might be physical, emotional, social or economic in

nature.
Force also includes:
intimidation
Threats
Persecution
Other forms of Psychological or
Social Pressure
 Violence

It consists of the use of physical force or other means of

coercion such as threat, inducement, or promise of a benefit to
obtain something from a weaker or more vulnerable person.
Informed Consent

CONSENT- means saying “yes” or agreeing to

something.

INFORMED CONSENT- means making an informed

choice freely and voluntarily by persons in an
equal power relationship.m
CYCLE OF VIOLENCE

The cycle of violence refers to repeated acts

of violence in a relationship.
Tension Building Stage

• Abuser: • Victim:
•
•
• The victim senses the abuser’s agitation
• The abuser becomes increasingly and has the feeling of walking on eggshells.
The victim will do anything to avoid the
agitated and aggressive. appending explosion.
• •
• Some behaviors include: • Some behaviors include:
•
•
• Agreeable/rarely disagrees
• Crazy-Making • Attempting to calm/soothe
• Criticizing • Intense focus on keeping children quiet
• Displaying moody behavior • Excessive nurturing
• Drinking/drugs • Staying away from family and friends
• Trying to please abuser
• Nitpicking
• Trying to reason with abuser
Acute Explosion

• Abuser: • Victim:
• •
• The victim may feel the need to
• The abuser initiates aggressive, verbal protect themselves, escape, or call
or physical abuse, in attempt to for help.
control and oppress the victim. •
• • Some behaviors include:
• Some behaviors include: •
• • Leaving
• Destroying property • Police called by victim or witness
• Protecting self
• Hitting
• Trying to calm batterer
• Humiliating
• Trying to reason
• Imprisoning
Honeymoon Stage

• Abuser: • Victim:
• The abuser feels guilty for inflicting abusive •
behavior, primarily out of a concern of being • The victim feels relieved, cared about,
found guilty of abuse, shamed by others, or left and questions their responsibility for the
by the victim, rather than feelings of sympathy abuse. They are happy to be in a place of
for the victim. peace and the victim believes there is
•
hope for the future of the relationship.
• Some behaviors include:
•
• Some behaviors include:
•
•
• Begging for forgiveness
• Agreeing to stay
• Crying
• Attempting to stop legal proceeding
• Declaring love
• Feeling happy and hopeful of change
• Enlisting family support
• Returning to taking back the abuser
• Initiating romance gestures
• Setting up counseling
• Promising to get help
SUMMARY

Power and abuse of the same are integral

components of GBV. These components also had an
effect to the consent to be given by the survivor.
Consent may be informed or vitiated on which
violence is perpetrated. This violence along a cycle
of being overpowered and giving of consent to the
detriment of women and their children.
Thank You.