MOLES TO PARTICLES

 Particles may be atoms, ions, or molecules

What’s the difference?
MOLES TO PARTICLES EXAMPLES

 Ex: How many atoms are in 3.50 mol of silver?

 Ex: If you had 5.34 x 10 ^23 atoms of gold, how many moles do
you have?
TRY THESE

1. How may atoms are in 2.0 mol of copper?

2. If you had 7.42 x 10^23 atoms of Carbon, how many moles do you have?
 Standard conditions: set of conditions
established to allow easy comparisons between
data sets

VOLUME OF A
MOLE
AT STP:

1 mole of gas = 22.4 L

(WRITE THIS DOWN & COMMIT IT TO MEMORY!)

1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 22.4 𝐿
Conversion factors: or
22.4 𝐿 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙
EXAMPLE:

1. At STP, convert 10 L of CH4 to moles

2. At STP, convert 2.4 mol of CO2 to L

3. At STP, convert 5.55 L of O2 to moles

4. At STP, convert 4.2 mol of N2O3 to L

PRACTICE TIME
Practice questions have the following included:
o Sig Digs
o Sci Not
o Moles to Particles and Particles to Moles
o Moles to Volume and Volume to Moles
o Moles to Mass and Mass to Moles

Choose which one YOU need more practice with and work on those first.
Then go on to the others.
MULTISTEP CALCULATIONS

 The mole is at the center of all calculations. From the mole, we can
convert to grams, particles, or liters.

The goal is to
complete all the
calculations in
one big step
using dimensional
analysis
EXAMPLE 1

Convert 3.50 ×10 ^23 particles of iodine to liters.

Hint: you need two conversions – from particles to mol then mol to L
EXAMPLE 2

Convert 1.50×10 ^ 24 particles of sodium to grams

EXAMPLE 3

How many molecules are present (at STP) in a 30.0 L container of

hydrogen gas?
PRACTICE MULTISTEP CALCULATIONS

 Practice Worksheet
MOLARITY

 The concentration (c) of a solution is a measure of the amount of solute

that is dissolved in a given quantity of solvent.
 Molarity is the most common and useful measure of concentration in
chemistry.
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙
Molarity = or M =
𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝐿
𝑚𝑜𝑙
(Can write answer as either unit or M)
𝐿
EXAMPLE MOLARITY QUESTIONS

 1) If 1.05 mol of hydrochloric acid is dissolved in 2.00 L of water, what is

the concentration? (0.525 M)

 2) How many moles of sodium hydroxide are in 2.75 L of a 0.5 M

solution? (1.4 mol)

 3) How many litres of water are needed to make a 2.0 M solution that
has 35.5 mol of potassium hydroxide in it? (18 L)
MOLARITY : TRY THESE….

1) If you took 35 g of NaOH and dissolved it in 500.0 mL of water, what is

the concentration of your solution?
2) How many grams of glucose (C6H12O6) are required to produce
500.0mL of a 3.0 M glucose solution?
How many litres of a 2.0 M solution can be prepared from 40.5 g CuCl2?
MOLARITY PRACTICE QUESTIONS

 Practice worksheet Section 1 ONLY – We do not know how to do

Section 2 yet
PRACTICAL USES OF MOLAR SOLUTIONS (MOLARITY)

You encounter solutions all the time. Some examples are:

 Household cleaners like bleach
 Agriculture chemicals (pesticides, herbicides)
 Medication
 Paints, Inks, Dyes, Detergents, Soaps
DILUTION

 A solution is diluted whenever a solvent is added. The additional

solvent (usually water) lowers the concentration. We can calculate the
concentration of a diluted solution using the following equation:
EXAMPLE

 Think of making iced tea: if you add a lot of mix (solute) and not a
lot of water (solvent), the iced tea is very strong. If you add more
water (solvent) it becomes more dilute (less strong)
IMPORTANT TERMS

 Stock Solution: concentrated solution that will be diluted to some

lower concentration for actual use.

They are used to save preparation time, conserve materials, reduce

storage space

 Working (Dilution) Solution: dilutions made using the stock solution

to avoid working with highly concentrated chemicals
EXAMPLE QUESTION
A stock solution of hydrochloric acid is 12.0 M. How much of the stock
solution do you need to use if you want to make 100.0 mL of a 2.0 M
solution of HCl?
TRY THESE!

 1) How many millilitres of 5.5 M NaOH are needed to prepare

300.0 mL of 1.2 M NaOH?

 2) What would be the concentration of a solution made by

adding 250mL of water to 45.0mL of 4.2 M KOH?