Shreya Sallh

 Transport or transportation is the movement

of people, animals and goods from one
location to another. Modes of
transport include air, rail, road, water, cable.
 The first methods of road transport
were horses, oxen or even humans carrying
goods over dirt tracks that often
followed game trail. The Persians later built a
network of Royal Roads across their empire.
 Street paving has been found from the first
human settlements around 4000 BC in cities
of the Indus Valley Civilization on the Indian
subcontinent, such as Harappa and
Mohenjo-daro.
 With the advent of the Roman Empire, there was a need for
armies to be able to travel quickly from one area to another,
and the roads that existed were often muddy, which greatly
delayed the movement of large masses of troops. To resolve
this issue, the Romans built great roads. The Roman
roads used deep roadbeds of crushed stone as an underlying
layer to ensure that they kept dry, as the water would flow
out from the crushed stone, instead of becoming mud in clay
soils.
Pan American Highway
Length: 48,000 kms

The Pan-American Highway is

the world's longest ‘motorable
road,’ according to Guinness
Book of World Records.
The Highway links almost all
nations in North and South
America except for a stretch of
100 km called the Darien Gap,
a forest and swampland.
 A waterway is any
navigable body of water.
A shipping route
consists of one or
several waterways. Water
ways can include rivers,
lakes, seas, oceans, and
canals
 Until the mid-1800s the canoe was an
important means of transport for exploration
and trade, but then transitioned to
recreational or sporting use.
 The first ocean liners made of iron and driven
by a propeller. When launched in 1843,
Great Britain was by far the largest vessel
afloat.
 Modern Passenger Ships

 Modern War Ships

 Modern Cargo Ships

 The concept of the modern airplane, as a
fixed-wing flying machine with separate
systems for lift, propulsion, and control
was only set forth in 1799 by Sir George
Cayley, as per the history of air transport.

 The first assisted take-off flight was in

December 17, 1903 by the Wright
Brothers, who are known to be the first to
fly in a powered and controlled aircraft.
 Rail transport is a means of conveyance of
passengers and goods, by way of wheeled vehicles
running on rails. It is also commonly referred to as
train transport. In contrast to road transport,
where vehicles run on a prepared flat surface, rail
vehicles are also directionally guided by the tracks
on which they run.
 The earliest evidence found so far of a wagonway,
a predecessor of the railway, is of the 6 to 8.5 km
long Diolkos wagonway, which transported boats
from around 600 BC
 The Diolkos was in use for over 650 years, until at
least the 1st century AD.
 The first full-scale working railway steam
locomotive was built in the United Kingdom in
1804 by Richard Trevithick, an English engineer
born in Cornwall.
 Railways quickly became essential to the swift
movement of goods and labour that was needed
for industrialization. In the beginning, canals were
in competition with the railways, but the railways
quickly gained ground as steam and rail technology
improved, and railways were built in places where
canals were not practical.
 Starting with the opening of the
first Shinkansen line between Tokyo and Osaka in
Japan in 1964, high-speed rail transport,
functioning at speeds up and above 300 km/h, has
been built in Spain, France, Germany, Italy, the
People's Republic of China, Taiwan, the United
Kingdom, South Korea, Scandinavia, Belgium and
the Netherlands.
 A cable car is any of a variety of
transportation systems relying on cables to
pull vehicles along or lower them at a steady
rate
 The world's longest operable cableway is
the Forsby-Köping limestone cableway in
Sweden at 42 km (26 mi)
 The longest ever in operation was the 96 km
(60 mi) Kristineberg-Boliden ropeway
conveyor in Sweden.