Presented to:

Sir Hafiz Imran Haider

Presented by:
Group 1 Design and study
BSPHY-16-01
BSPHY-16-04 Full-wave and
BSPHY-16-05 Bridge rectifier and
BSPHY-16-06
BSPHY-16-07 measure the effect
BSPHY-16-17
of filter elements on
BSPHY-16-38
the DC output and
Department of Physics the Ripple
Agenda of Presentation:
Full wave rectifier
Bridge full wave rectifier

Effect of filter on Dc output voltage

Apparatus
Illustration
Observation

Advantages
Precautions
 To understand circuit
behaviour of full wave
To plot
output
To
evaluate Objectives:
rectifier ripple
waveform
factor
 Full Wave Rectifier:

“It allows unidirectional current

through the load during the
entire 360° of the input cycle.”

Figure 1: Full wave output

[1]:https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/experiments/chpt-5/full-wave-rectifier
Average value:

Voltage output with

frequency is the twice
of the input frequency.

𝑉𝑎𝑣𝑔 is approximately
63.7% of 𝑉𝑝 for a full
wave rectified voltage.

2𝑉𝑝
𝑉𝑎𝑣𝑔 =
𝜋
Bridge Full-wave Rectifier:

A bridge rectifier uses four diodes, when the input cycle is positive diodes D1 and
D2 are forward biased D3 and D4 are reverse biased.
• When the input cycle is negative D1 and D2 are reverse biased and D3 and D4 are forward
biased and conduct current.

[2]:http://www.circuitstoday.com/full-wave-bridge-rectifier
Bridge output voltage:

Neglecting the
diode drops the
secondary voltage Vp(out) = Vp(sec)
appears across
the load resistor.

If the diode drops

are taken into the
account then Vp(out) = Vp(sec) - 1.4V
output voltage is
 Peak inverse voltage:
• D1 and D2 are forward-biased and the reverse voltage
across D3 and D4.D3 and D4 have a peak inverse voltage
equal to the peak secondary voltage.
PIV = Vp(out)

• The peak inverse voltage across each reverse-biased diode

in terms of Vp(out) is
PIV = Vp(out) + 0.7V
 Effect of Filtering is necessary because
Filter on electronic circuits require a
DC Output: constant source of dc voltage and
current to provide power and
biasing for proper operation.

[3]:https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-necessity-of-a-filter-in-a-rectifier-circuit
“The small amount of
fluctuation in the filter output
voltage is called Ripple.”
• For a given input frequency, the output frequency of a full-wave rectifier is
twice that of a half-wave rectifier.
• When filtered, the full-wave rectified voltage has a smaller ripple than does a
half-wave voltage for the same load resistance and capacitor values.
Apparatus:

Connecting
Breadboard
A step-down wires
transformer 12-volt
light
bulb, 25
watt

Oscilloscope Capacito
r
Lamp Socket

4
3 Load Metal
junction
resistors box
diodes
Schematic Diagram:

[4]:https://images.app.goo.gl/NLBeDvRVLTaJebge7
Procedure:

Configure the full-wave rectifier circuit.

Note down all the values of the components being used. Connect
the primary side of the transformer to the a.c. Mains and
secondary to the input of the circuit.
Measure the input a.c. voltage (Vac) and
current (Iac) and the output a.c. (Vac) and d.c.
(Vdc) voltages using multimeter.
Feed the input and output to the
oscilloscope.
Calculate Vdc Using the formula
Vdc = 2Vmax/ π.

Calculate the ripple factor and

efficiency.

[5]: https://wiki.analog.com/experiments/pdf
Illustration:
A capacitor is included in the circuit to act as a filter to reduce ripple
voltage.
 After the rectifier/filter circuit is built, connect it to the low -
voltage AC power supply like this:

Measure the AC voltage output by the low-voltage power supply.

 Now, switch multimeter to the DC voltage function and measure
the DC voltage output by the rectifier/filter circuit.
 Measure the AC ripple voltage magnitude with a digital voltmeter
set to AC volts (or AC millivolts).
Use audio detector to “listen” to the AC ripple voltage output by the
rectifier/filter unit.
Connect a small “coupling” capacitor in series with the detector so that it does
not respond to the DC voltage, but only the AC ripple.

r =Vr / Vdc
 Re-measure the ripple voltage present between the rectifier/filter
unit’s “DC out” terminals.

[6]:https://www.dummies.com/programming/electronics/components/how-power-supplies-filter-rectified-current-in-electronic-circuits/
Observations:
• Code number of diode = ________ Input Voltage: Vac = _________ Volt
Full-wave rectifier with filter (C = ____ μF)

Waveforms with Capacitor Filter:

RL = ______
Input---------
Output----------
Result:

The circuit behaviour of full

wave rectifier is analyzed.

The waveforms of input and output is

observed.

The ripple factor and efficiency are evaluated.

 Advantages:

Better power Better DC output Increases reverse bias

conversion voltage voltage on diode

[7]:https://www.google.com.pk/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=htttps://filebox.ece.vt.edu/Liab/electronic.tutorial
Precautions:
For minimum power loss while
diode is off, the reverse saturation
current should be low.

VBR must be greater than magnitude of

larger reverse bias applied to the diode.

Avoid to use breakdown model.

Connection should be verified before clicking button.

Thank You