MUGHAL GARDENS

A group of gardens built by the Mughal’s in the

Persian style of architecture.
MUGHAL GARDENS ARE A GROUP OF GARDENS BUILT
BY THE MUGHALS IN THE PERSIAN STYLE OF
ARCHITECTURE.
THIS STYLE WAS HEAVILY INFLUENCED BY THE PERSIAN
GARDENS PARTICULARLY THE CHARBAGH STRUCTURE.
SIGNIFICANT USE OF RECTILINEAR LAYOUTS ARE MADE
WITHIN THE WALLED ENCLOSURES.
SOME OF THE TYPICAL FEATURES INCLUDE POOLS,
FOUNTAINS AND CANALS INSIDE THE GARDENS.
 Humayun, his son, Jahangir's
does not seem to son, SHAH
have had much JAHAN, marks the
time for building. apex of Mughal
garden
architecture and
floral design.
The founder of
the Mughal Akbar built several Akbar’s
empire, BABUR , gardens first in heir, JAHANGIR, He is famous for
described his Delhi, then in Agra, did not build as the construction of
favourite type of Akbar’s new much, but he the Taj Mahal
garden as capital. helped to lay out and the Red Fort
a CHARBAGH. the famous which contains the
Shalimar garden Mahtab bagh.
(dividing the and was known
garden into for his great love
four equal for flowers.
quarters)
WITH TERRACED
LAWNS, CASCADING
FOUNTAINS, PAINT-
BOX-BRIGHT
FLOWERBEDS WITH
THE PANORAMA OF
THE DAL IN FRONT
OF THEM - THE
THREE MUGHAL
GARDENS OF
CHESMASHAHI,
NISHAT AND
SHALIMAR ARE THE
MUGHAL
EMPERORS'
CONCEPT OF
PARADISE AND ARE
TODAY VERY
POPULAR PLACES
FOR PICNICS AND
EXCURSIONS.
1. SIGNIFICANT USE
OF RECTILINEAR
LAYOUTS ARE
MADE WITHIN THE
WALLED
ENCLOSURES.

2. TYPICAL
FEATURES
INCLUDE POOLS,
FOUNTAINS AND
CANALS INSIDE
THE GARDENS.
3. HAD HANDSOME WALLS AND GREAT GATEWAYS
MORE LIKE FORTS THAN GARDENS
CITY WAS PLEASANTLY ADORNED

4. MOST IMPORTANT FEATURE OF MUGHAL GARDEN IS CHAR BAGH

PLANNING.

RAMBAGH GARDEN, AGRA

5. MUGHALS
WERE
OBSESSED WITH
SYMBOL OR
MOTIFS AND
INCORPORATED
IT INTO THEIR
GARDENS IN
MANY WAYS.
MUGHAL GARDEN , RASHTRAPATI BHAWAN , DELHI

CHAR BHAG

WATER CHANEL
DIVIDING THE
E-W AXIX GARDEN

WATER BODY
WITH
FOUNTAIN
6. INCLUDE TREES OF
VARIOUS SORTS,
SOME TO PROVIDE
SHADE MERELY, AND
OTHERS TO PRODUCE
FRUITS;

FLOWERS, COLORFUL
AND SWEET-
SMELLING;

GRASS, USUALLY
GROWING WILD
UNDER THE TREES;

BIRDS TO FILL THE

GARDEN WITH SONG;
THE WHOLE COOLED
BY A PLEASANT
BREEZE.
7. THE GARDEN
MIGHT INCLUDE A
RAISED HILLOCK
AT THE CENTER,
REMINISCENT OF
THE MOUNTAIN
AT THE CENTER
OF THE
UNIVERSE IN
COSMOLOGICAL
DESCRIPTIONS,
AND OFTEN
SURMOUNTED BY
A PAVILION OR
PALACE.
CHARBAGH OR CHAHAR BAGH IS
A PERSIAN-STYLE GARDEN LAYOUT.
IS A RECTANGULAR OR SQUARE
ENCLOUSURE.
THE QUADRILATERAL GARDEN IS
DIVIDED BY WALKWAYS OR
FLOWING WATER INTO FOUR
SMALLER PARTS RUNNING INTO 4
DIRECTIONS (NORTH , SOUTH , EAST
& WEST).
 IN PERSIAN, "CHĀR" MEANS 'FOUR'
AND "BĀGH" MEANS 'GARDEN'.
THE FOUR MAIN SECTIONS ARE
SEPERATED BY TWO WATER CHANNELS
WHICH BISECTS AT RIGHT ANGLES.
THE WATER CHANNELS GENERALLY
MEET AT A CENTRAL REFERENCE POINT
MOSTLY A TOMB.
THESE CHAHAR BAGH ARE NOT JUST
GARDENS BUT MORE THAN THAT.
THE SYMBOLISM BEHIND IT IS VERY
GARDEN GARDEN
STRONG& RELATES TO THE LIFE AFTER
DEATH.
THE QURAN DESCRIBES PARADISE AS A
GARDEN OF ETERNITY ( ARABIC jannat al-
GARDEN GARDEN
khuld) WITH FOUR RIVERS OF:WATER ,
MILK , WINE & HONEY.
THE ADDITION OF WATER
COURSES IS ENDEMIC TO THE
CHAHAR-BAGH DESIGN, AND THEIR
PRESENCE IS OFTEN READ AS A
REFERENCE TO THE FOUR RIVER
OF PARADISE ONE OF EACH:
- HONEY
- WINE
- MILK
- WATER

ALL FOUR MEETING AT THE CENTRAL WATER TANK CALLED AS :

“THE POOL OF AUNDANCE” OR “AL-KAWTHER”.
THE CENTRAL WATER TANK OS A REPRESENTATION OF THE
‘CELESTIAL POOL IF ABUDANCE’ & THE PLACE WHERE MAN MET GOD.
• Universally planned
in the midst of a
CHAR BAGH
• founded with
architectural
elements such as
STONE
PATHWAYS,
CANALS, LILY
POND, LOTUS-
TANKS, STAIRS ,
CASCADES and
WATERFALLS.
• Example :
Humayun’s Tomb
• GARDENS ALONG WITH SUCH WATER DEVICES AS TANKS,
CANALS, CASCADES AND FOUNTAINS.
• ILLUSTRATED BY A LARGE NO. OF PAINTINGS OF THIS
PERIOD
EXAMPLE : GARDEN AROUND A FORT AT AGRA
• GARDENS WERE LAID DOWN INDEPENDENTLY ON A PLAIN SURFACE ON
CHAR BAGH PLAN , ENCLOSED ON ALL SIDES BY A PARKOTA ( RAMPATS
)WITH A MAIN GATEWAY IN THE SOUTH AND WITH SOME ORNAMENTAL
GATEWAYS ON OTHER SIDES.
• DIVIDED IN FOUR EQUAL PARTS BY FOUR CANALS RUNNING FROM
CENTRAL PLATFORM WITH STONE OR OR BRICK PAVED CAUSEWAYS ON
BOTH SIDES ,HAVING TANKS ,AND CASCADES SOMETIMES.
• PERFECTLY UNIFIED HOMOGENEOUS COMPOSITION.
• PLEASURE PAVILION WAS ORIGINALLY BUILT ON THE CENTRAL LATER
SOMETIMES REPLACED BY A TOMB OF THE OWNER OF THE GARDEN.
PLAN
PLAN––TAJ
TAJMAHAL
MAHAL
EMPHASIZING ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENT
MASKING OUTDOOR NOISE
PRODUCING PLEASING SOUND
IRRIGATING PLANTS
MOISTURIZING & COOLING HOT DRY MICRCLIMATE

SOOTHING THE DUSTY WIND

PROVIDING A SOURCE FOR ABLUTION BEFORE PRAYERS.
TERRACE GARDEN-
SHALIMAR BAGH
• INCLUDES ALL
THE FEATURES
OF A MUGHAL
GARDEN

• HAS 3
TERRACES

• THE 2ND
TERRACE
GARDEN ALONG
THE AXIAL
CANAL SLIGHTL
Y BROADER, HAS
TWO SHALLOW
TERRACES.
MATERIALS USED FOR
HARDSSCAPE

SANDSTONE
&
TERRACOTT
A TILES WAS
GENERALLY
USED FOR
THE
PATHWAYS
 TAJ MAHAL, AGRA HUMAYUN’S TOMB ,DELHI

RAM BAGH, AGRA SHALIMAR BAGH NISHANT BAGH