Composite Construction

Introduction to composite
construction of buildings
General
2

Steel and concrete

These two materials complete one
another:
 Concrete is efficient in compression and steel in
tension

 Concrete encasement restrain steel against

buckling

 Protection against corrosion and fire

 Steel bring ductility into the structure

General
3

Aspects for using composite

structures:
 Architectural

 Economical

 Functionality

 Service and Flexibility

 Assembly
Aspects for using composite
structures 4

Architectural:
 Longer spans

 Thinner slabs

 More slender column

 More generous opportunities for

design
Aspects for using composite
structures 5

Economical:
 Reduction of height reduces the total of
the building --> saving area of cladding
 Longer spans with the same height
--> column free rooms
 Additional storeys with the same
total height of building
 Quicker time of erection:
 Saving costs, earlier completion of the building

 Lower financing costs

 Ready for use earlier thus increasing
rental income
Aspects for using composite
structures 6

Functionality:
 Fire protection by using principles of reinforced
concrete in which the concrete protects the steel
Aspects for using composite
structures 7

Service and building flexibility:

 Adaptable structures
 Modification during the life of the building

 Modify services without violating the privacy of

other occupants
 Accommodation of service facilities
in the ceiling
within a false floor
in a coffer box running along the walls
Aspects for using composite
structures 8

Assembly:
 Working platforms of steel decking
 Permanent shuttering
 Reinforcement of profiled steel sheetings
 Speed and simplicity of construction
 Quality controlled products ensure greater accuracy
 Construction methods
9

Traditionally two counteracting methods of

construction could be observed both connected with
special advantages but also disadvantages worth
mentioning.
 Conventional concrete  Construction in steel
construction method
+ freedom of form and + high ratio between bearing
shapes capacity and weight
+ easy to handle + prefabrication

+ thermal resistance + high accuracy

- time-consuming shuttering - low fire resistance

- sensitive on tensile forces - need of higher educated

personal
 Construction methods
10

 Composite Construction

comparing these two methods a combination of both

presents the most economic way

+ higher bearing capacity

+ higher stiffness

+ plastic redistribution
Construction elements
11

composite slab

composite beam
composite column floor = beam + slab
 Construction elements
12

Composite slabs

 Reinforced concrete slab

in-situ concrete on shuttering partially prefabricated slabs fully prefabricated slabs

Construction elements
13

Slabs

 Pre-stressed concrete slabs

Construction elements
14

Slabs
 Profile steel sheeting
Interlock between steel and concrete

mechanical
frictional

end anchorage
Construction elements
15

Beams
 Conventionaland innovative
composite beams
Construction elements
16

Beams
 Types of shear connectors
Construction elements
17

Columns
 Examples of composite columns
Construction elements
18

Joints
 Exampleof vertical shear transfer
between beam and column
bracket for the lower flange
reinforcement removed after concreting

weld seam contact piece

bracket with shear connectors

shot-fired nails
Examples
19

Millennium Tower (Vienna - Austria)

 55 storeys
 Total height 202 m
 Total ground floor 38000 m2
 Capital expenditure about 145 million Euro
 Time of erection: 8 months
Examples
20

Millennium Tower (Vienna - Austria)

42,342,3
m m

Concrete slab
Concrete core

Composite Slim floor beams

Composite frame
Composite columns
Examples
21

Millennium Tower (Vienna - Austria)

Total time of erection: 8 month

max. speed 2 to 2.5 storeys per week!
Examples
22

Citibank Duisburg (Duisburg - Germany)

 15 storeys
 Total height 72 m
 Total ground floor 14500 m2
Examples
23

Parking deck “DEZ” (Innsbruck - Austria)

 4 storeys
 Ground dimensions 60 x 30 m
 Max. span length 10.58 m with
26 cm slim floor slab (= l/40)
Examples
24

Parking deck “DEZ” (Innsbruck - Austria)

Erection of composite columns over 2 storeys

Assembly of prefabricated concrete slabs
Examples
25

Parking deck “DEZ” (Innsbruck - Austria)

200
260
60

Cross section of the slim-floor beam and slab

-200 mm concrete slab
-60 mm prefabricated concrete elements
-steel beam: web 165/20 mm
flange 245/40 mm
-headed studs: 22 mm
Concluding summary
26

Composite construction is popular

for buildings because of following
aspects:
 Economy
 Architecture
 Functionality
 Service and building flexibility
 Assembly