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RACK PIPING
By,
Akshaya Sharma
Associate Engineer
Piping Department
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Contents
INTRODUCTION
PIPE RACK
Pipe Rack design criteria
Shapes
Future Space
Width of Pipe Rack
Clearance
Pipe Rack Loading
RACK PIPING
Positions of Lines (Process & Utilities)
Hot Lines & Cold Lines
Bigger Size Lines
Pipe Spacing
Anchor Bay
Unit Battery Limit
Expansion Loops
Pipe Route
Trays 1
INTRODUCTION
A pipe rack is the main artery of a process unit. It connects all equipment
with lines that cannot run through adjacent areas. Because it is located in
the middle of the most plants, the pipe rack must be erected first, before it
becomes obstructed by rows of equipment. Pipe racks carry process, utility
piping and also include instrument and electrical cable trays as well as
equipment mounted over all of these.
Shapes
There are various shapes of pipe rack like L/T/U/H/Z. These shapes
shall be considered based on the area available.
Future Space
The total width of the pipe rack shall include 25% extra space for
future expansion/modification in unit for rack-width upto 16m and
10% for rack-width above 16m. The future space %age is normally
based on the client requirements.
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RACK WIDTH SELECTION CRITERIA
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DIFFERENT SHAPES OF PIPE RACKS
DEAD END YARD LINES ENTER & STRAIGHT THROUGH YARD LINES
LEAVE ONE END OF THE RACK CAN ENTER & LEAVE BOTH ENDS
OF THE RACK
Clearance
For units, clearance beneath pipe rack shall be 4m
minimum both in longitudinal and transverse
directions.
For Offsite, clearance beneath pipe rack shall be 2.2m
minimum both in longitudinal and transverse
directions.
Road clearance shall be 7m for main road and 5m for
secondary road.
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PIPE RACK LOADING
Thermal Laod
Load by thermal expansion of piping & Reaction force by
internal pressure of expansion bellows
Dynamic Laod
Load by vibration of piping & by wind and earthquake
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RACK PIPING
Position of Lines
Predominantly process lines are to be kept at lower
tier and, utility & hot process lines on upper tier.
Pipe Spacing
Minimum spacing between adjacent lines shall be decided based
on O.D. of bigger size flange (minimum rating 300# to be
considered), O.D. of the smaller pipe, individual insulation
thickness and additional 25mm clearance. Even if flange is not
appearing the min. spacing shall be based on above basis only.
Actual line spacing, especially at ‘L’ bend and loop locations,
shall take care thermal expansion/thermal contraction/non-
expansion of adjacent line. Non-expansion/thermal
contraction may stop the free expansion of the adjacent line at
‘L’ bend location. 10
RACK PIPING
Anchor Bay
Anchors on the racks are to be provided on the anchor bay if the
concept of anchor bay is adopted. Otherwise anchor shall be
distributed over two to three consecutive bays.
Anchors shall be provided within unit on all hot lines leaving the
unit.
Pipe Route
Racks shall be designed to give the piping shortest possible run
and to provide clear head rooms over main walkways, secondary
walkways and platforms.
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RACK PIPING
Trays
Generally top tier is to be kept for Electrical cable trays (if not
provided in underground trench) and Instrument cable ducts/trays.
Cable tray laying to take care of necessary clearances for the fire
proofing of structure.
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RACK PIPING
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RACK PIPING
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RACK PIPING
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EXPANSION LOOPS
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EXPANSION LOOPS
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PIPE RACK DESIGN CRITERIA
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PIPE RACK DESIGN CRITERIA
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PIPE RACK DESIGN CRITERIA
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PIPE RACK DESIGN CRITERIA
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THANK YOU
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