NATURE OF GROUP PROCESS Rhances O.

Esporlas
IV-25 BSE VE
AND GROUP DYNAMICS
TERMINOLOGIES
• Group
• Process
• Dynamics
• Techniques
• Strategies
• Group Process
• Group Dynamics
Group
:a number of people or who
are connected by some
shared activity, interest, or
quality
Process
:a series of action that
produce something or that
lead to a particular result
Dynamics
:a pattern or process of
change, growth, or activity
Techniques
:a way of doing something by
using special knowledge or
skills
Strategies
:the skill of making or carrying
out plans to achieve a goal
Security Status

What
Makes
Self-
Esteem People Affiliation

Join
Groups?
Goal
Power
Achievement
 TYPE OF GROUPS
Formal groups: refers to those which are established under the legal or formal authority with the
view to achieve a particular end results. E.g.: trade unions.
Informal groups: refers to aggregate of personal contact and interaction and network of
relationship among individual. E.g.: friendship group.
Primary groups: are characterized by small size, face to face interaction and intimacy among
members of group. E.g.: family, neighborhood group.
Secondary groups: characterized by large size, individual identification with the values and
beliefs prevailing in them rather than cultural interaction. E.g.: occupational association and
ethnic group.
Task groups: are composed of people who work together to perform a task but involve cross-
command relationship. E.g.: for finding out who was responsible for causing wrong medication
order would require liaison between ward in charge, senior sister and head nurse.
TYPE OF GROUPS
Social groups: refers to integrated system of interrelated psychological group
formed to accomplish defined objectives. E.g.: political party with its many local
political clubs. friendship group.
Reference groups: one in which they would like to belong.
Membership groups: those where the individual actually belongs.
Command groups: formed by subordinates reporting directly to the particular
manager are determined by formal organizational chart.
Functional groups: the individuals work together daily on similar tasks.
Problem solving groups: it focuses on specific issues in their areas of responsibility,
develops potential solution and often empowered to take action
GROUP PROCESS
 GROUP PROCESS
•It is a continuous, ongoing movement of the group toward
achievement of its goals.
•It represents the flow of the group from its starting point to its
termination.
•Refers to the attitudes and interaction of members and
leaders.
HISTORICAL TIMELINE OF GROUP PROCESS
1800s:
•Groups were formed for functional and pragmatic reasons
•Large in number
•Primary emphasis on information, instruction and/or correction of behaviors
•Immigrants and the poor receive special attention
•Social workers and Physicians use group structure to increase awareness of self
Mid 1800s
•Moral therapy – showed how therapeutic groups could be structured and tailored to meet their
individual needs
Hull House
•focuses on promoting reciprocal relationships and increasing “individual self determination and
self-respect”.
•Overall the development of groups in 1800s was a dynamic movement which included
contributions from psychology, sociology, philosophy and education.
•Group movement developed due to the need for social reform and education.
HISTORICAL TIMELINE OF GROUP PROCESS
1900s:
Joseph Hersey Pratt
•organized the first formal group experience, wrote about the dynamics that occur within
group settings and served as model for other leaders exploring processes within their
groups. He recognized the therapeutic power of groups.
1907: Jesse B. Davis
•stressed the functionality of a group as an environment in which to learn life skills and
values.
1908:
•After the death of Frank Parsons, counselors in many guidance settings and other such
agencies used groups as a way of dispensing information and providing educational and
vocational guidance

HISTORICAL TIMELINE OF GROUP PROCESS

1910-1919
World War I:
•Psychological groups tests (e.g. Alpha and Beta intelligence tests) were
developed and administered.
•Groups were used in a limited way to treat combat fatigued soldiers.
•Emphasis on teamwork.
•During this decade there was growth in select schools and organizations on
group guidance and psycho educational approaches to learning in groups.

HISTORICAL TIMELINE OF GROUP PROCESS

World War I:
•Psychological groups tests (e.g. Alpha and Beta intelligence tests) weredeveloped and
administered.
•Groups were used in a limited way to treat combat fatigued soldiers.
•Emphasis on teamwork.
•During this decade there was growth in select schools and organizations on group guidance
and psych educational approaches to learning in groups.
•Europe: J.L. Moreno
•published a philosophical paper on group methods under the name J.M. Levy. He had a major impact on the
development of group theory and practice in U.S. and
Europe. His writings stressed the psychoanalytic and social psychological perspectives of individuals
working together.
•1920 -1929
•Group guidance and counseling efforts were initiated in a new from.

HISTORICAL TIMELINE OF GROUP PROCESS

GROUP DYNAMICS
GROUP DYNAMICS
•A branch of social psychology which studies problems involving
the structure of a group.
•The interactions that influence the attitudes and behavior of
people when they are grouped with others through either choice
or accidental circumstances.
• A field of social psychology concerned with the nature of
human groups, their development, and their interactions with
individuals, other groups, and larger organizations.
OBJECTIVES OF GROUP DYNAMICS
To identify and analyze the social processes that impact
on group development and performance.
To acquire the skills necessary to intervene and improve
individual and group performance in an organizational
context.
To build more successful organizations by applying
techniques that provide positive impact on goal
achievement.
 STAGES OF GROUP DEVELOPMENT
BRUCE W TUCKMAN is a respected
educational psychologist who first described
the four stages of group development in
1965. The four-stage model is called
as Tuckman's Stages for a group. Tuckman's
model states that the ideal group decision-
making process should occur in five stages:
“Never doubt that a small group of
thoughtful citizens can change the
world. Indeed, it is the only thing that
ever has.”
-Margaret Mead