pressure:93mmHg (80+13=93) FACTORS MAINTAINING ARTERIAL BLOOD PRESSURE: Factors are necessary to maintain normal blood pressure. They are local factors .They are divided into Central factors: 1. cardiac output 2. heart rate Peripheral factor: 1.peripheral resistance 2.blood volume 3.venous return 4. Elasticity of blood vessel 5.velocity of blood flow 6.diameter of blood vessels 7.viscocity of blood REGULATION OF BLOOD PRESSURE • Nervous mechanism • Renal mechanism • Hormonal mechanism • Local mechanism NERVOUS MECHANISM : It is rapid among all the mechanism and regulation of blood pressure.it operate through the vasomotor system • VASOMOTOR CENTER • VASOCONSTRICTOR FIBERS • VASODILATOR FIBERS VASOMOTOR CENTER • It contains three areas : Vasoconstrictor, vasodilator and sensory area. • VASOCONSTRICTOR: It is called pressure area.it is concerned with acceleration of heart rate. • VASODILATOR :It is called depressor area . It is concerned with cardio inhibition. • SENSORY AREA : It controls the vasodilator and vasoconstrictor area. VASOCONSTRICTOR FIBERS The fibers belong to sympathetic division of autonomic nervous system. They play a major role in regulation of BP. VASOMOTOR TONE: It is continuous discharge of impulse from vasoconstrictor fibers. It produces a constant partial state of constriction of blood vessels. VASO DILATOR FIBERS o They are three fibers: parasympathetic fibers :sympathetic fibers :Antidromic fibers MECHANISM OF VASOMOTOR CENTER: • BARO RECEPTOR MECHANISM: CHEMORECEPTOR MECHANISM RENAL MECHANISM • Kidneys paly a major role in the long term regulation of arterial blood pressure. • It regulate by two ways : By regulation of ECF volume Through Renin angiotensin mechanism APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY SUMMARY