• Topic : titration of polyprotic

acid with strong base

 Some strong base

• Lioh = lithium hydroxide

• Naoh = sodium hydroxide
• Koh = potassium hydroxide
• Ba (oh)2 = barium hydroxide
• Rboh = rubidium hydroxide
• Ca(oh)2 = calcium hydroxide
 Definition
• A polyprotic acid is an acid that can donate more than
one proton or hydrogen atom per molecule to an
aqueous solution .
• polyprotic acid donates protons however, a polyprotic
acid differs from a monoprotic acid because it has
more than one acidic H+, so it has the ability to donate
multiple protons. As a weak polyprotic acid, it does not
completely dissociate. Here are some examples of
weak polyprotic acids:
• A triprotic acid: H3PO4
• A diprotic acid: H2CO3
• A diprotic acid: H2SO3
• As an acid, a polyprotic acids have a very small
acid dissociation constant (Ka), which measures
the strength of the acid. Ka corresponds to the
reaction of a weak acid with water and can be
used to determine the pH of a solution
• H3po4 + H20 H2po4 (-) + H3po4 (+)
acid base conjugate conjugate
base acid
• water serves as the base because it accepts a
proton, H+, from the phosphoric acid to
become a hydronium ion. Phosphoric acid
becomes a conjugate base because it loses a
proton.
Ka=Concentration of Products
Concentration of Reactants
pKa=−log10Ka
Ka=10−pKa
pH=pKa + log [A−]
[HA]
• A− is the conjugate base
• HA is the undissociated acid
• There are as many acid ionization constants as
there are acidic protons. Therefore, there are
three acid ionization constants for phosphoric
acid.
 Properties and uses
• Physical
• They are generally colorless or slightly yellow viscous
liquid with pungent odor (H2So4)
• Density 1.84 g/ml BP - 337 C
• chemical
• They are hygroscopic and readily absorbs moisture from
air . They are powerful oxidizing agent and react with
many metal at high temperature .
• Uses
• Used in industries such as mineral processing, petroleum
refining, production of dyes , pigments , drugs ,
detergents .
 Procedure for titration
• Pour about 80 mL of NaOH solution into the beaker . Hold the
burette in one hand and add base from the beaker into the burette.
use the stopcock to lower the liquid level until the volume is at “0”
mL . Record this initial burette volume to the 0 mL.
• The indicator dye used in this experiment is called “bromothymol
blue”. Add 3 or 4 drops of bromothymol blue to the acid solution .
The indicator should turn green at end point .
• Add NaOH from the burette directly into the beaker while swirling
the beaker slowly. Preferably, the stream of liquid from the burette
should enter the beaker toward the side rather than into the middle.
As the amount of base added increases you should see a distinct blue
colour in the solution where the stream of NaOH enters.At this point,
increase the rate of swirling and slow down the rate of flow from the
burette When the solution occur a blue colour stop adding the NaOH.
Swirl for a few seconds and then add more NaOH drop by drop with
constant swirling . When the colour becomes green and remains so
for at least 5 seconds the titration is done .
• .Eventually, the colour in the flask will resemble a
continous stream that grows longer and longer.
At this point, increase the rate of swirling and
slow down the rate of flow from the burette
When the solution occur a blue colour stop
adding the NaOH. Swirl for a few seconds and
then add more NaOH drop by drop with constant
swirling . When the colour becomes green and
remains so for at least 5 seconds the titration is
done .
Record the final burette volume
• Re–load the burette with NaOH solution.
Repeat the titration two more times .
 Titration of polyprotic acid H2CO3 with a strong base LIOH

• Ka1=5.9x10−3
• Ka2=6.0x10−6,
• calculate the pH after titrating 70 mL of 0.10
M H2SO3 with 50 mL of 0.10 M KOH.
• Consider the titration of 30 mL of 0.10 M
H2CO3 with 50 mL of 0.10 LiOH.
Ka1=6.0×10−3 and Ka2=5.9×10−7
• pH= pKa + log [A−]/[HA]
• molH2SO3= Molarity ∗ Volume=0.10M∗0.07L=0.007
• molKOH= Molarity ∗ Volume=0.10M∗0.05L=0.005
• H2SO3+H2O⇌H3O++HSO−3
• Ka1=[H3O+][HSO−3] / [H2SO3]=5.9×10−3
• [H3O+]=2.36×10−3
• pH=−log[H30+]=−log(2.36×10−3)=2.63
• molH2CO3= Molarity ∗ Volume=0.10M×0.03L=0.003
• Mol LiOH=Molarity∗Volume=0.10M∗.05L=0.005
• After this titration, 0.002 mol HCO3- remain and
0.001 mol CO32- form.
• HCO−13+H2O⇌H3O++CO2−3
• Ka2=[H3O+][CO2−3] / [HCO−13]=5.9×10−7
• [H3O+]=1.18×10−6
• pH=−log[H30+]=−log(1.18×10−6)=5.92
 Titration graph
• H3A with Lioh.
• H3A+H2O⇌H3O++H2A
Suppose 10 ml is required to reach
first equivalent point .
HA2−+H2O⇌H3O++A3− H2A−+H2O⇌H3O++HA2−
 Titration of sulphuric acid
• In this sulphuric acid is a diprotic acid . It has
two H+ ions
• The first will break off in water by dissociation.
• H2SO4 H+ + HSO4 (-)
• The second H+ comes from dissociation of
HSO4(-)
• HSO4(-) H+ + SO4(-)
• In the graph the first point come when enough
base is added to the solution to convert half
H+ ions as k1
• Similarly second point will be k2.