Domain Bacteria Archaea &

Viruses
• In biological taxonomy, a domain is the
highest order of life classification, even
higher than a kingdom. Carl Woese
introduced a three-domain system of
classification in 1990
where organisms are divided into three
domains : Archaea Bacteria and Eukarya.

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 Viruses are
considered non-living
as they lack
membrane bound
organelles and
cannot reproduce on
their own.

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 Domain
Bacteria Archaea Eukarya

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Bacteria

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 Bacteria
• are prokaryotes, having no distinguished organelles or
membrane-bound nucleus.
• The domain Bacteria is also possibly the largest domain,
containing possibly millions of unknown and unrecorded
specimens.
• These small, single-celled organisms live almost
everywhere, and are the size of most eukaryotic organelles.
They contain their DNA in a small ring, and carry out all the
functions of life within their single cytoplasmic space.
 Bacteria
Cocci Bacilli Spirillum
(spherical) (rods) (spiral)

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 Eubacteria
• Also known as “true” bacteria
• These are single-celled
prokaryotic microorganisms
that have a range of
characteristics and are found
in various conditions
throughout all parts of the
world Cyanobacteria
Archaea
“Life’s Extremist”
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 Archaea
• Bacteria-like organisms with distinct biochemistry
• Have bacteria-like DNA and no organelles though Their
cell walls and the RNA they produce differ from the
bacteria
• Found in the domain Archaea are often extremophile
• Distantly related to bacteria because of their weird
tendencies, other scientists have hypothesized that they
are more closely related to the organisms in the domain
Eukarya.
 Archaea
Extreme
Methanogens Extreme Halophiles
Thermophiles

“methane-makers”
Use only CO2, H and N to
produce energy to live, and
as a result give off
methane gas Methanococcus jannaschii
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 Archaea
Methanogens Halophiles Thermophiles

“salt lovers”
Require an environment as
salty or even10x saltier
than ocean water. Some
prefer up to 30% salt Halobacterium salinarum
concentrations
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 Archaea
Methanogens Halophiles Thermophiles

“heat / cold lovers”

Prefer temperatures
above 60°C (up to 110°C
for hyperthermophiles) or
Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius near or below freezing.
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Eukarya

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 Eukarya
• The organisms in this domain are eukaryotic, meaning they have a membrane bound
nucleus and organelles.
• In separating different tasks of life into these membrane-bound chambers, eukaryotes
are able to increase their efficiency and host a different set of chemical reactions.
• The eukaryotes include everything with organelles and a nucleus.
• Are eukaryotes that contain nuclei
 Eukarya
Protista Plantae
Fungi Animalia
 Eukarya
Protista • Single celled eukaryotes
• Protists can be found on land, in
water, or living inside other
organisms. Some protists are
photosynthetic .They produce
more oxygen than all land plants
put together. Other protists are
Plasmodium vivax parasites or predators
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 Eukarya
• are a kingdom of usually
Fungi multicellular eukaryotic organisms
that are heterotrophs and have
important roles in nutrient cycling
in an ecosystem.
• reproduce both sexually and
asexually, and they also have
symbiotic associations with plants
Basidiomycetes and bacteria.
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 Eukarya
Animalia • Includes nearly one million living
species, ranging from jellyfish to
humans
• Can be broadly characterized by
several traits. Animals are
eukaryotic, multicellular, and
heterotrophic, meaning that they
Panthera tigris feed off other life forms
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 Eukarya
• Kingdom Plantae includes all land
Plantae plants - an amazing range of
diverse forms with more than
250,000 species.
• They are multicellular organisms
with walled and frequently
vacuolate eukaryotic cells. These
contain photosynthetic pigment in
Marchantiophyta
plastids.
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22
Classification of life

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Virus

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 Virus
• A microorganism that is smaller than a
bacterium that cannot grow or reproduce
apart from a living cell. A virus invades living
cells and uses their chemical machinery to
keep itself alive and to replicate itself.
Example

Canine parvovirus 2

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Life cycle of a virus

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 Sources
Biodiversity: The Three Domains of Life.(2002) Retrieved
from
https://www.biology.iupui.edu/biocourses/N100/2k23domai
n.html
Domain. Retrieved from
https://biologydictionary.net/domain/
The viral life cycle. Retrieved from
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/microbiology/chapter/t
he-viral-life-cycle/
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Thank you!

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