Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
in PowerPoint
to accompany
Exploring Economics
Second Edition
by Robert L. Sexton
Copyright © 2002 Thomson Learning, Inc.
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Printed in the United States of America
ISBN 0030342333
MC MC
ATC
ATC
A A
P* C
B B
Price
Price
C Total D P*
Total
Profits D
Losses
MR
MR
0 0
q* q*
(Profit Maximizing Output) (Loss Minimizing Output)
Quantity Quantity
MC MC ATC
ATC PLR = ATC
PLR = ATC
DLONG RUN
DSHORT RUN
DSHORT RUN
MR DLONG RUN MR
0 q* 0 q*
Quantity Quantity
MC ATC
Price
PLR = ATC
DLONG RUN
MR
0
q*
Quantity
Price Price
Minimum point
Minimum of ATC MC
ATC
point of ATC MC
ATC
P = MC P = MR
P* (Demand
MC curve)
DLONG RUN
MR
Excess capacity
0 q* Efficient 0 Efficient
q* =
Scale
Quantity Quantity
Price
of ATC of ATC
ATC ATC
Excess D
capacity
Excess D
capacity
0 0
q* Efficient Scale q* Efficient
Scale
Quantity Quantity
Price
DAFTER ADVERTISING
DBEFORE ADVERTISING
0
Quantity
Copyright © 2002 by Thomson Learning, Inc.
11.4 Advertising
Some have argued that advertising
manipulates consumer tastes and wastes
billions of dollars annually creating “needs”
for trivial products,
is sometimes based on misleading claims,
and/or
in itself, advertising requires resources,
which raises average costs.
C2 C
Increase in cost due
to advertising
C0 A
B
C1 ATCAFTER ADVERTISING
ATCBEFORE ADVERTISING
0 q0 q1
Quantity
Copyright © 2002 by Thomson Learning, Inc.
11.4 Advertising
Firms in monopolistic competition are
not likely to experience substantial cost
reductions as output increases.
Therefore, they probably will not be able
to offset advertising costs with lower
production costs.