Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
CENTRAL
TENDENCY AND
VARIABILITY
QUESTION:
Computed by adding up all the
numbers and then dividing the sum by
the number of values.
MEAN, MEDIAN, MODE, RANGE
Median is the "middle" value in the list of
numbers.
To find the median, arrange the observations
in ascending order.
If there is an even number of data/numbers
such that there is no middle value, the
median is the mean of the two middle values.
Get the middlemost value for data that are
odd in number.
MEAN, MEDIAN, MODE, RANGE
Mode is the value that occurs
most often. If no number is
repeated, then there is no mode
for the list.
MEAN, MEDIAN, MODE, RANGE
The "range" is just the difference
between the largest and smallest
values.
EXAMPLE 1
Find the mean, median, mode, and
range for the following list of values:
13, 18, 13, 14, 13, 16, 14, 21, 13.
EXAMPLE 1 SOLUTION
A. Mean
= 15
Median
The median is the middle value, so the
list needs to be rewritten in order: 13,
13, 13, 13, 14, 14, 16, 18, 21.
There are nine numbers in the list, so
the middle one will be the (9 + 1) ÷ 2 =
10 ÷ 2 = 5th number. Therefore, the
median is 14.
The mode is the number that is
repeated more often than any other,
so 13 is the mode.
Range
The largest value in the list is 21,
and the smallest is 13,
Range = 21 – 13 = 8.
EXAMPLE 2
A children’s choir is composed of ten
children with the following ages: 8,
9, 10, 10, 10, 11, 11, 11, 12, 13. Find
the mean, median, mode, and range
of the children’s ages.
Mean = 10.5
Median = 5.5th value = 10.5
Mode = 10 and 11.
Range = 5.
VARIANCE AND
STANDARD DEVIATION
The variance of a data set is calculated by taking
the mean of the squared differences between
each value and the mean value.
VARIANCE AND
STANDARD DEVIATION
The standard deviation is calculated by taking
the square root of the variance.
EXAMPLE 3
Find the variance and standard
deviation for the following list of
values: 13, 18, 13, 14, 13, 16, 14, 21,
13.
Obtain the mean of the data set:
Mean
μ = (13 + 18 + 13 + 14 + 13 + 16 + 14
+ 21 + 13) ÷ 9
= 15
Obtain the squared differences between
each value and the mean value:
(13 – 15)2 = 4 (14 – 15)2 = 1 (14 – 15)2 = 1
(18 – 15)2 = 9 (13 – 15)2 = 4 (21 – 15)2 = 36
(13 – 15)2 = 4 (16 – 15)2 = 1 (13 – 15)2 = 4
Obtain the variance by computing for the
mean of the squared differences: (4 + 9 + 4 +
1 + 4 + 1 + 1 + 36 + 4) ÷ 9 = 7.11111
Calculate the standard deviation by taking
the square root of the above variance:
EXAMPLE 4
A children’s choir is composed of ten
children with the following ages: 8,
9, 10, 10, 10, 11, 11, 11, 12, 13. Find
the variance and standard deviation
of the children’s ages.
C:\Users\User\Desktop\excel mean
etc.xlsx
Mean = 10.5
Variance = 1.85
Standard Deviation =
HOMEWORK
A clothes shop has obtained the following data regarding its sales and
customers for the previous year:
The shop sold the following monthly unit quantities of blue tshirts to
boys aged 1019: 100 (Jan), 120 (Feb), 110 (Mar), 125 (Apr), 90 (May),
85 (June), 100 (July), 105 (Aug), 150 (Sept), 125 (Oct), 120 (Nov), 175
(Dec)
The shop sold the following monthly unit quantities of red tshirts to
boys aged 1019: 70 (Jan), 120 (Feb), 90 (Mar), 65 (Apr), 60 (May), 75
(June), 100 (July), 85 (Aug), 90 (Sept), 115 (Oct), 100 (Nov), 150 (Dec)
The shop sold the following monthly unit quantities of blue tshirts to
boys aged 20 and above: 60 (Jan), 70 (Feb), 100 (Mar), 85 (Apr), 70
(May), 85 (June), 80 (July), 95 (Aug), 110 (Sept), 105 (Oct), 90 (Nov),
140 (Dec)
The shop sold the following monthly unit quantities of red tshirts to
boys aged 20 and above: 110 (Jan), 125 (Feb), 140 (Mar), 105 (Apr), 120
(May), 115 (June), 120 (July), 125 (Aug), 130 (Sept), 125 (Oct), 150
(Nov), 180 (Dec)
Tabulate the above data and compute for the following:
Mean, median, mode, range, variance, and standard deviation of
blue tshirts sold monthly to boys aged 1019
Mean, median, mode, range, variance, and standard deviation of
red tshirts sold monthly to boys aged 1019
Mean, median, mode, range, variance, and standard deviation of
blue tshirts sold monthly to boys aged 20 and above
Mean, median, mode, range, variance, and standard deviation of
red tshirts sold monthly to boys aged 20 and above
Mean, median, mode, range, variance, and standard deviation of
total blue tshirts sold monthly
Mean, median, mode, range, variance, and standard deviation of
total red tshirts sold monthly
Mean, median, mode, range, variance, and standard deviation of
total tshirts sold monthly to boys aged 1019
Mean, median, mode, range, variance, and standard deviation of
total tshirts sold monthly to boys aged 20 and above